针对航空母舰飞行甲板上舰载机弹药保障面临的调度效率不高的问题,提出了一种改进灰狼优化(grey wolf optimizer, GWO)算法。根据甲板上多升降机多运输车的场景特点,建立了由多车场出发、向多目标转运的问题模型。融合遗传算法算子交叉...针对航空母舰飞行甲板上舰载机弹药保障面临的调度效率不高的问题,提出了一种改进灰狼优化(grey wolf optimizer, GWO)算法。根据甲板上多升降机多运输车的场景特点,建立了由多车场出发、向多目标转运的问题模型。融合遗传算法算子交叉思想实现了对灰狼种群初始解的初步优化,并通过直线转运路径中间点定义、整数编码、负整数标志分组等方法实现了对GWO算法求解过程的改进。同时,增加了灰狼个体自由狩猎流程,有效克服了结果陷入局部最优和早熟的问题。最终,通过对场景实例的优化求解,验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。展开更多
目的:研究睡莲花烟花苷对D-半乳糖胺(D-Gal)所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:将60只昆明小鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,阳性对照联苯双酯组,烟花苷(25、50和100 mg/kg)给药组,共6组,每组10只。阳性对照联苯双酯组和烟花苷给药组按10 m ...目的:研究睡莲花烟花苷对D-半乳糖胺(D-Gal)所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:将60只昆明小鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,阳性对照联苯双酯组,烟花苷(25、50和100 mg/kg)给药组,共6组,每组10只。阳性对照联苯双酯组和烟花苷给药组按10 m L/kg每日灌胃给药1次,正常组和模型组每日灌胃等体积蒸馏水,连续灌胃7 d,末次给药1 h后,正常组小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水0.02 m L/g,其他各组腹腔注射D-Gal(800 mg/kg,按0.02 m L/g)造模。造模8 h后摘眼球取血,测定血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、白细胞介素IL-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和干扰素γ(INF-γ)水平。颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,摘取肝脏、脾脏称取质量,计算脏器系数,取0.3 g肝组织制备匀浆,检测肝匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH)及一氧化氮(NO)含量。并取肝左叶距边缘0.5 cm处小块组织,进行肝组织病理学检查。结果:与模型组比较,烟花苷在(50、100 mg/kg)剂量时,小鼠血清ALT和AST水平均显著降低(P均<0.01),血清中促炎因子IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α和INF-γ水平降低(P<0.05);肝脏、脾脏系数降低(P<0.05),肝匀浆中SOD和GSH活力均显著升高(P均<0.05),MDA和NO含量均显著降低(P均<0.05);肝病理检查结果显示与模型组比较,烟花苷各剂量组肝细胞损伤程度明显减轻,炎性细胞浸润显著减少,其中烟花苷50和100 mg/kg组较25 mg/kg组受损程度较轻、修复情况较好。结论:烟花苷对D-Gal致小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用,其作用与促进抗氧化酶、抑制促炎因子的表达有关。展开更多
Aiming at alleviating the serious soil erosion, the Chinese government initiated the Sloping Land Conversion Program （SLCP） in 1999. Now; after 8 years of project implementation, the ecological recovery effects of t...Aiming at alleviating the serious soil erosion, the Chinese government initiated the Sloping Land Conversion Program （SLCP） in 1999. Now; after 8 years of project implementation, the ecological recovery effects of the SLCP have become the hot issue of academic circle. This paper; raking the loess hill and gully area of northern Shaanxi as an example, presents a methodology for assessing the vegetation restoration effect of SLCP with normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI）. The key components include calculation of the Growing Season NDVI （GSNDVI）, and estimation of the NVDI change induced by climate and SLCP, respectively. Based on the method, the NDVI change between 2000 and 2006 was obtained using the GSNDVI that excluded the noise from snow and ice. After the part of total NDVI change caused to： climate variation was estimated using empiric formulae, we obtained the part induced by human factors, i.e. the SLCP The human induced part of ND VI change was considered as an approximation indicating the effect of the SLCP on the vegetation. Finally, we analyzed the ND VI change characters of the whole study area, different slope lands and different land use types by spatial statistics method. Results show that the vegetation condition is significantly improved by the SLCP, particularly land types that directly involved in the SLCP, such as steeply slope farmlands, degraded grasslands, etc.展开更多
Taking Ansai County located in loess hilly and gully area as a case, this study analyzes the land use changes driven by the SLCP （Slope Land Conversion Program） and the farmers＇ responses by household survey and pa...Taking Ansai County located in loess hilly and gully area as a case, this study analyzes the land use changes driven by the SLCP （Slope Land Conversion Program） and the farmers＇ responses by household survey and participatory rapid appraisal （PRA）. It is found that the SLCP aroused various changes in land use, agricultural production, rural incomes, etc. In the period of 1999-2005, the farmland and grasslands were reduced by 26,809 ha and 17,571 ha respectively, while forestland increased by 38,203 ha; greenhouse vegetable and orchard got a quick development, with the area enlarged by about 7 times and nearly doubled respectively. The SLCP reduced the area of crops particularly those that normally grown on slope lands, e.g. the sowing area of winter wheat ped from 19.39% of the total cropping area in 1999 to 0.98% in 2005. Draught animals, pigs and sheep have a decline in the number because the remained land and the ban on grazing on natural grasslands can not provide sufficient feed forage. Thanks to the financial subsidy, farmers increased land inputs and thus outputs. To achieve long-term sustainable development and improve rural income, the government should continuously support farmers to improve the land management, to adopt alternative land use systems, and to increase inputs on soil conservation. Vegetable and fruit production are two promise land use systems, and should be further developed.展开更多
文摘针对航空母舰飞行甲板上舰载机弹药保障面临的调度效率不高的问题,提出了一种改进灰狼优化(grey wolf optimizer, GWO)算法。根据甲板上多升降机多运输车的场景特点,建立了由多车场出发、向多目标转运的问题模型。融合遗传算法算子交叉思想实现了对灰狼种群初始解的初步优化,并通过直线转运路径中间点定义、整数编码、负整数标志分组等方法实现了对GWO算法求解过程的改进。同时,增加了灰狼个体自由狩猎流程,有效克服了结果陷入局部最优和早熟的问题。最终,通过对场景实例的优化求解,验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40671007) Major Projects of Knowledge In-novation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.KZCX2-YW-421)
文摘Aiming at alleviating the serious soil erosion, the Chinese government initiated the Sloping Land Conversion Program （SLCP） in 1999. Now; after 8 years of project implementation, the ecological recovery effects of the SLCP have become the hot issue of academic circle. This paper; raking the loess hill and gully area of northern Shaanxi as an example, presents a methodology for assessing the vegetation restoration effect of SLCP with normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI）. The key components include calculation of the Growing Season NDVI （GSNDVI）, and estimation of the NVDI change induced by climate and SLCP, respectively. Based on the method, the NDVI change between 2000 and 2006 was obtained using the GSNDVI that excluded the noise from snow and ice. After the part of total NDVI change caused to： climate variation was estimated using empiric formulae, we obtained the part induced by human factors, i.e. the SLCP The human induced part of ND VI change was considered as an approximation indicating the effect of the SLCP on the vegetation. Finally, we analyzed the ND VI change characters of the whole study area, different slope lands and different land use types by spatial statistics method. Results show that the vegetation condition is significantly improved by the SLCP, particularly land types that directly involved in the SLCP, such as steeply slope farmlands, degraded grasslands, etc.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40671007)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX2-YW-421)the National S&T Support Program(Grant No.2007BAC03A11-01)
文摘Taking Ansai County located in loess hilly and gully area as a case, this study analyzes the land use changes driven by the SLCP （Slope Land Conversion Program） and the farmers＇ responses by household survey and participatory rapid appraisal （PRA）. It is found that the SLCP aroused various changes in land use, agricultural production, rural incomes, etc. In the period of 1999-2005, the farmland and grasslands were reduced by 26,809 ha and 17,571 ha respectively, while forestland increased by 38,203 ha; greenhouse vegetable and orchard got a quick development, with the area enlarged by about 7 times and nearly doubled respectively. The SLCP reduced the area of crops particularly those that normally grown on slope lands, e.g. the sowing area of winter wheat ped from 19.39% of the total cropping area in 1999 to 0.98% in 2005. Draught animals, pigs and sheep have a decline in the number because the remained land and the ban on grazing on natural grasslands can not provide sufficient feed forage. Thanks to the financial subsidy, farmers increased land inputs and thus outputs. To achieve long-term sustainable development and improve rural income, the government should continuously support farmers to improve the land management, to adopt alternative land use systems, and to increase inputs on soil conservation. Vegetable and fruit production are two promise land use systems, and should be further developed.
