铁路线路方案评价及比选多采用组合赋权法,其主观赋权过程计算冗杂。选取具备一定程度普适性的专家案例,采用最大熵逆向强化学习方法从专家案例中学习主观赋权“知识”,得到专家案例隐藏的“奖励”,从而获取可解释性的主观权重。将此主...铁路线路方案评价及比选多采用组合赋权法,其主观赋权过程计算冗杂。选取具备一定程度普适性的专家案例,采用最大熵逆向强化学习方法从专家案例中学习主观赋权“知识”,得到专家案例隐藏的“奖励”,从而获取可解释性的主观权重。将此主观权重与离差法所得客观权重组合并投入后续TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution)评价流程,对线路方案进行最终评价。结合具体实例,建立设计阶段绿色铁路的评价指标体系。结果表明:该方法可以有效计算铁路线路方案评价的量化指标,减小现有赋权方法的计算复杂度,取得较好的评价效果,与真实案例比选结果一致。通过讨论该方法的适用性、局限性及原因,确定该方法在初步评价和泛用性评价中的定位。展开更多
目的:探讨经直肠超声引导下前列腺细针穿刺细胞学中液基薄层细胞学(thinprep liquid based cytology test,TCT)及免疫细胞化学(immunocytochemistry,ICC)诊断前列腺癌的应用价值。方法:收集321例前列腺疾病患者细针穿刺物,TCT及传统涂片...目的:探讨经直肠超声引导下前列腺细针穿刺细胞学中液基薄层细胞学(thinprep liquid based cytology test,TCT)及免疫细胞化学(immunocytochemistry,ICC)诊断前列腺癌的应用价值。方法:收集321例前列腺疾病患者细针穿刺物,TCT及传统涂片(conventional smear,CS)制片,其中153例有术后对照,回顾性比较不同制片方法诊断灵敏度、特异度及前列腺癌确诊率,分析漏诊及误诊原因,并结合ICC及前列腺癌分级,寻求早期诊断前列腺癌的有效方法。结果:TCT灵敏度及特异度高于CS,假阳性率及假阴性率减少,尤其是Gleason评分≤7分时明显。TCT联合ICC后,灵敏度及前列腺癌确诊率更高。结论:TCT和CS均能鉴别前列腺病变的良恶性,但TCT对于Gleason评分≤7分的前列腺癌患者有更高诊断价值,ICC辅助诊断后,其价值更高,是前列腺癌早期诊断的有效方法。展开更多
In order to enhance the fracture toughness of mullite, three-dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced mullite(C/mullite) composites were prepared using the Al2O3-SiO2 sol with a high solid content as raw material. ...In order to enhance the fracture toughness of mullite, three-dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced mullite(C/mullite) composites were prepared using the Al2O3-SiO2 sol with a high solid content as raw material. Mullitization behavior of the sol was characterized. Then, the microstructure, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of C/mullite composites were investigated. It is found that the SiO2-rich mullite with desirable sintering shrinkage can be synthesized at 1 300 ℃ from the sol with an Al2O3/SiO2 mass ratio of 1:1. The C/mullite composites with a total porosity of 21.5% were fabricated by repeating 18 cycles of vacuum impregnation-drying-heat treatment, showing a flexural strength of 234.5 MPa and a fracture toughness of 13.1 MPa·m1/2. Since carbon fibers were protected by compact matrix, the C/mullite composites show favorable oxidation resistance during 1 200 ℃-1 600 ℃ even if an open porosity of 10.3% was detected.展开更多
Porous mullite ceramics were fabricated from pyrolysis of nanometer alumina powders filled silicone resin. At 1573 K, the mixture of nanometer γ-Al2O3 and silicone resin can be entirely transformed to mullite in air....Porous mullite ceramics were fabricated from pyrolysis of nanometer alumina powders filled silicone resin. At 1573 K, the mixture of nanometer γ-Al2O3 and silicone resin can be entirely transformed to mullite in air. The effects of shaping pressure on microstructure and mechanical property were investigated. Increasing shaping pressure leads to decrease in open porosity and average pore size, narrower pore size distribution, and improvement in flexural strength. With a shaping pressure of 43 MPa, nanoporous mullite ceramics with an average pore size of 50 nm can be obtained, showing 33% in open porosity and 42 MPa in flexural strength. The microstructure of porous mullite ceramics consists of dense region and loose region.展开更多
文摘铁路线路方案评价及比选多采用组合赋权法,其主观赋权过程计算冗杂。选取具备一定程度普适性的专家案例,采用最大熵逆向强化学习方法从专家案例中学习主观赋权“知识”,得到专家案例隐藏的“奖励”,从而获取可解释性的主观权重。将此主观权重与离差法所得客观权重组合并投入后续TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution)评价流程,对线路方案进行最终评价。结合具体实例,建立设计阶段绿色铁路的评价指标体系。结果表明:该方法可以有效计算铁路线路方案评价的量化指标,减小现有赋权方法的计算复杂度,取得较好的评价效果,与真实案例比选结果一致。通过讨论该方法的适用性、局限性及原因,确定该方法在初步评价和泛用性评价中的定位。
基金Funded by the Science Innovation Foundation of Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology(No.SAST2015043)the Open Foundation of Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory(No.614291102010117)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11572277)
文摘In order to enhance the fracture toughness of mullite, three-dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced mullite(C/mullite) composites were prepared using the Al2O3-SiO2 sol with a high solid content as raw material. Mullitization behavior of the sol was characterized. Then, the microstructure, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of C/mullite composites were investigated. It is found that the SiO2-rich mullite with desirable sintering shrinkage can be synthesized at 1 300 ℃ from the sol with an Al2O3/SiO2 mass ratio of 1:1. The C/mullite composites with a total porosity of 21.5% were fabricated by repeating 18 cycles of vacuum impregnation-drying-heat treatment, showing a flexural strength of 234.5 MPa and a fracture toughness of 13.1 MPa·m1/2. Since carbon fibers were protected by compact matrix, the C/mullite composites show favorable oxidation resistance during 1 200 ℃-1 600 ℃ even if an open porosity of 10.3% was detected.
基金Funded by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.S2010J504B)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91116001)
文摘Porous mullite ceramics were fabricated from pyrolysis of nanometer alumina powders filled silicone resin. At 1573 K, the mixture of nanometer γ-Al2O3 and silicone resin can be entirely transformed to mullite in air. The effects of shaping pressure on microstructure and mechanical property were investigated. Increasing shaping pressure leads to decrease in open porosity and average pore size, narrower pore size distribution, and improvement in flexural strength. With a shaping pressure of 43 MPa, nanoporous mullite ceramics with an average pore size of 50 nm can be obtained, showing 33% in open porosity and 42 MPa in flexural strength. The microstructure of porous mullite ceramics consists of dense region and loose region.
