Loss of Hrh2 on dopaminergic neurons leads to mania-like behavior in mice

OBJECTIVE Dysfunction of the dopaminergic(DA)neurons is implicated in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder(BPD).Hista⁃mine receptor 2(Hrh2)is highly expressed in DA neurons,and its antagonists have been reported to induce mania phase of BPD.However,whether Hrh2 on DA neurons contributes to BPD patho⁃genesis is unclear.The present study aims to explore the role of hrh2 on DA neurons in the pathology of BPD.METHODS AAV-FLEX-shHrh2 was injected into a targeted brain area of DAT-Cre mice,leading to a selective brain-regional loss of Hrh2 on DA neurons.A series of behavior tests were used to measure the sponta⁃neous activity,anxiety and depression level of Hrh2-deficient mice.RESULTS①In the open field test and home-cage activity test,Hrh2-defi⁃cient mice displayed increased spontaneous activity.②Hrh2-deficient mice showed reduced depression level in the tail suspension test,forced swimming test and sucrose preference test.③The anxiety level of Hrh2-deficient mice was decreased in the open field test.CONCLU⁃SION Hrh2 on DA neurons is closely related with mania-like behavior.

Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Antimony-Doped SnO_2 from First-Principle Study

A first-principles study has been performed to calculate the electronic and optical properties of the SbxSn1xO system.The simulations are based upon the method of generalized gradient approximations with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof form in the framework of density functional theory.The supercell structure shows a trend from expanding to shrinking with the increasing Sb concentration.The increasing Sb concentration induces the band gap narrowing.Optical transition has shifted to the low energy range with increasing Sb concentration.Other important optical constants such as the dielectric function,reflectivity,refractive index,and electron energy loss function for Sb-doped SnO2 are discussed.The optical absorption edge of SnO2 doped with Sb also shows a redshift.

First-Principles Study of Ag-Doped GaAs Nanowires

The structural and electronic properties of undoped and Ag-doped unpassivated wurtzite GaAs nanowires(NWs),as well as their stability,are investigated within the first-principles frame.The calculated formation energies show that the single Ag energetically prefers to substitute the surface Ga(E_(f)=-0.529 eV)under As-rich conditions,and creates a much shallower(0.19 eV above the Fermi)acceptor level,which is of typical p-type character.With the increase in the Ag concentration,the p-type behavior gradually weakens and the n-type character arises.Thus,one can expect to synthesize Ag-doped GaAs NWs for p-type or n-type applications by controlling their Ag concentration and microarrangement.