采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)第一性原理方法研究了α-Mo_2C(0001)表面和Pt/α-Mo_2C(0001)表面抗硫中毒特性及其机理.发现干净的Mo_2C(0001)表面对含硫物种(S、HS和H2S)吸附很强(吸附能分别为-6.46、-4.15和-1.54 e V),极易S中毒.Pt的引...采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)第一性原理方法研究了α-Mo_2C(0001)表面和Pt/α-Mo_2C(0001)表面抗硫中毒特性及其机理.发现干净的Mo_2C(0001)表面对含硫物种(S、HS和H2S)吸附很强(吸附能分别为-6.46、-4.15和-1.54 e V),极易S中毒.Pt的引入可以减弱含硫物种在Mo_2C(0001)表面的吸附,当含硫物种在Pt/Mo_2C(0001)表面Pt原子周围吸附时吸附能较小,在Pt原子顶位吸附时吸附能最小,远离Pt原子吸附时吸附能增大.因此,Pt的引入对Pt周围催化活性位点避免硫原子中毒起到很好的保护作用,达到抗硫中毒效果.预期提高Pt原子覆盖度,可以进一步降低含硫物种与Mo_2C(0001)表面的相互作用,更好地抗硫中毒,为设计高活性、高抗硫中毒性的Mo_2C基催化剂提供理论依据.展开更多
Background Anatomic and electrophysiological studies have revealed that the neurons located in the media vestibular nuclei （MVN） receive most of the sensory vestibular input coming from the ipsilateral labyrinth and...Background Anatomic and electrophysiological studies have revealed that the neurons located in the media vestibular nuclei （MVN） receive most of the sensory vestibular input coming from the ipsilateral labyrinth and the responses of MVN neurons to caloric stimulation directly reflect changes in primary vestibular afferent activity. The aim of this study was to clarify the intrinsic characteristics of serotonin （5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT） release in the MVN during the period of vertigo induced by caloric stimulation. Methods We used an in vivo microdialysis technique to examine the effects of caloric stimulation on the serotoninergic system in MVN. Twenty four guinea pigs were randomly divided into the groups of irrigation of the ear canal with hot water （n=6）, ice water （n=6） and 37℃ water （n=4）, and the groups of irrigation of the auricle with hot water （n=-4） and ice water （n=4）, according to different caloric vestibular stimulation. We examined the animal＇s caloric nystagmus with a two-channel electronystagmographic recorder （ENG）, and meanwhile examine serotonin （5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT） level in the MVN with microdialysis technique after caloric stimulation. Results In the caloric test the hot water （44℃） irrigation of the right external auditory canal induced horizontal nystagmus towards the right side lasting about 60 seconds and the ice water irrigation of the right external auditory canal induced it towards the left side lasting for about 90 seconds. No nystagmus was induced by 37℃ water irrigation of the external ear canal. Therefore, it was used as a negative control stimulation to the middle ear. The MVN 5-HT levels significantly increased in the first 5-minute collecting interval and increased to 254% and 189% of the control group in the second collecting interval in response to caloric vestibular stimulation with ice water and hot water respectively. The serotonin release was not distinctly changed by the irrigation of the auricle with ice water or hot water. Conclusions Neither somato-sensory stimulation of the middle ear nor nonspecific cold or hot stress affects the serotonin release. The rise of 5-HT in MVN may be involved in the mechanism of vertigo induced by caloric stimulation.展开更多
文摘采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)第一性原理方法研究了α-Mo_2C(0001)表面和Pt/α-Mo_2C(0001)表面抗硫中毒特性及其机理.发现干净的Mo_2C(0001)表面对含硫物种(S、HS和H2S)吸附很强(吸附能分别为-6.46、-4.15和-1.54 e V),极易S中毒.Pt的引入可以减弱含硫物种在Mo_2C(0001)表面的吸附,当含硫物种在Pt/Mo_2C(0001)表面Pt原子周围吸附时吸附能较小,在Pt原子顶位吸附时吸附能最小,远离Pt原子吸附时吸附能增大.因此,Pt的引入对Pt周围催化活性位点避免硫原子中毒起到很好的保护作用,达到抗硫中毒效果.预期提高Pt原子覆盖度,可以进一步降低含硫物种与Mo_2C(0001)表面的相互作用,更好地抗硫中毒,为设计高活性、高抗硫中毒性的Mo_2C基催化剂提供理论依据.
基金a grant from National Science Foundation of China(No.30500556)
文摘Background Anatomic and electrophysiological studies have revealed that the neurons located in the media vestibular nuclei （MVN） receive most of the sensory vestibular input coming from the ipsilateral labyrinth and the responses of MVN neurons to caloric stimulation directly reflect changes in primary vestibular afferent activity. The aim of this study was to clarify the intrinsic characteristics of serotonin （5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT） release in the MVN during the period of vertigo induced by caloric stimulation. Methods We used an in vivo microdialysis technique to examine the effects of caloric stimulation on the serotoninergic system in MVN. Twenty four guinea pigs were randomly divided into the groups of irrigation of the ear canal with hot water （n=6）, ice water （n=6） and 37℃ water （n=4）, and the groups of irrigation of the auricle with hot water （n=-4） and ice water （n=4）, according to different caloric vestibular stimulation. We examined the animal＇s caloric nystagmus with a two-channel electronystagmographic recorder （ENG）, and meanwhile examine serotonin （5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT） level in the MVN with microdialysis technique after caloric stimulation. Results In the caloric test the hot water （44℃） irrigation of the right external auditory canal induced horizontal nystagmus towards the right side lasting about 60 seconds and the ice water irrigation of the right external auditory canal induced it towards the left side lasting for about 90 seconds. No nystagmus was induced by 37℃ water irrigation of the external ear canal. Therefore, it was used as a negative control stimulation to the middle ear. The MVN 5-HT levels significantly increased in the first 5-minute collecting interval and increased to 254% and 189% of the control group in the second collecting interval in response to caloric vestibular stimulation with ice water and hot water respectively. The serotonin release was not distinctly changed by the irrigation of the auricle with ice water or hot water. Conclusions Neither somato-sensory stimulation of the middle ear nor nonspecific cold or hot stress affects the serotonin release. The rise of 5-HT in MVN may be involved in the mechanism of vertigo induced by caloric stimulation.
