通过cDNA末端快速扩增(Rapid amplification of c DNA ends,RACE)技术克隆得到魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)C型凝集素(C-type lectin,Sb-Lec1)基因,该基因全长为700 bp,其中,5′-UTR为29 bp,3′-UTR为167 bp,开放阅读框长度为504 bp,编...通过cDNA末端快速扩增(Rapid amplification of c DNA ends,RACE)技术克隆得到魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)C型凝集素(C-type lectin,Sb-Lec1)基因,该基因全长为700 bp,其中,5′-UTR为29 bp,3′-UTR为167 bp,开放阅读框长度为504 bp,编码167个氨基酸,包括长度为23个氨基酸的信号肽序列、129个氨基酸的糖识别结构域(CRD)以及参与二硫键形成的6个半胱氨酸。预测蛋白分子量为19.11 k Da,理论等电点为4.74。多序列比对结果显示,Sb-Lec1基因CRD编码的氨基酸序列与长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)、紫贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis)和海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)C型凝集素的同源性分别为38%~40%、34%~35%和38%~39%,Sb-Lec1基因编码的氨基酸序列与其他物种的凝集素基因具有相似的结构,均含有形成二硫键的4个保守半胱氨酸。系统进化分析结果显示,魁蚶先与贝类聚为一支,再与脊椎动物聚在一起,表明魁蚶Sb-Lec1基因在进化树上的位置与其传统分类所处位置一致。采用荧光定量PCR技术,检测了Sb-Lec1基因在组织中的表达情况,发现其在肝胰腺、血淋巴、鳃、外套膜、闭壳肌、斧足中均有表达,其中,肝胰腺表达量最高。同时,分析了Sb-Lec1基因在鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)刺激下的mRNA表达量变化情况。结果显示,与对照组相比,菌刺激组Sb-Lec1基因mRNA在各检测组织中的表达量均显著上调(P<0.05),随着刺激时间的延长,表达量呈先升高后降低的趋势。本研究表明,魁蚶Sb-Lec1基因在机体免疫防御方面发挥重要功能。展开更多
A muhispecies model for shellfish polycuhure in the Sanggou Bay in China used for large-scale long-line cultivation of the Chinese scallop Chlamysfarreri, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the kelp Laminaria ja...A muhispecies model for shellfish polycuhure in the Sanggou Bay in China used for large-scale long-line cultivation of the Chinese scallop Chlamysfarreri, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the kelp Laminaria japonica is presented. The model includes key physical processes which are the transports of matter at the system boundary, and the main biological process that is the primary production and nutrients release from the bottom. By the model, the seasonal fluctuations of phytoplankton biomass and dissolved inorganic nitrogen（DIN） in 1994 are simulated. Furthermore, if the kelp culture scale is kept constant and the Chinese scallop and the Pacific oyster culture scales are adjusted, virtual shellfish farms are funded and responses of phytoplankton to the largescale shellfish culture are simulated. According to these simulated results, the room limitation, and the hypothesis that shellfish will not grow well if the phytoplankton biomass is less than 8.2 mg/m^3 , the expandable multiple of scallop culture k and that of oyster culture y are determined as k = -0.276 5y ＋4.690 5 and 0.133 3k ＋0.006 6y≤0.667 5, where, k （ or y） is equal to 1, the culture scale of scallop （ or oyster） is 8.8 x 109 individuals （or 66 ha, with a density of 59 ind./m^2 ）, and the kelp culture scale is 3 300 ha with a density of 12 ind./m^2.展开更多
Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture(IMTA)is an effective method for sustainable aquaculture as species from different trophic levels could reduce negative effects from fed species in the environment.A proper proporti...Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture(IMTA)is an effective method for sustainable aquaculture as species from different trophic levels could reduce negative effects from fed species in the environment.A proper proportion of different trophic species in an IMTA system could improve the aquaculture production and environmental sustainability.At present,research on the proper proportions for farming species is scarce.We investigated the effects of IMTA modes of oyster(Crassostrea gigas)and kelp(Saccharina japonica)in different weight ratios on water quality and carbonate system in a closed enclosure experiment for three days in the Sanggou Bay in Shandong Province,China,in December 2017.Nine collocation modes in oyster:kelp weight ratio were tested showing as 24:3,24:2,24:1,16:3,16:2,16:1,8:3,8:2,and 8:1.The water parameters were determined at 17:00 on Day 1(D1),and 6:00 and 17:00 on Days 2(D2)and 3(D3).As two-way ANOVA showed,all increased parameters(dissolved oxygen(DO),pH,chl a,the carbonate system and pCO2)were significantly related to oyster-kelp modes,and interaction between modes and time were also significant(P<0.05).On the 3th day,the 8:3 mode was the highest in DO,pH,chl a,CO32-(P<0.05),and dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC),HCO3-,CO2,and pCO2 were the lowest(P<0.05).According to previous references and the results of this study,the appropriate oyster:kelp proportion at the beginning of winter is from 8:2 to 8:3.The results of this study may help government to optimize the aquaculture structure of Sanggou Bay.展开更多
Water temperature is generally considered to be a major factor af fecting the physiological and biochemical activities of marine bivalves. Here, the physiological and biochemical responses of Yesso scallop, Patinopect...Water temperature is generally considered to be a major factor af fecting the physiological and biochemical activities of marine bivalves. Here, the physiological and biochemical responses of Yesso scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, to acute water temperature changes in summer were studied. Scallops were transferred directly to a lower temperature( T dec treatment)(from 23°C to 15°C) or to a higher temperature( Ti nc treatment)(from 15°C to 23°C) for 72 h, respectively. Results showed that the oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion rates of P. yessoensis decreased signi?cantly in the T dec treatment but increased dramatically at 6 h in the Ti nc treatment( P <0.05). In the T dec treatment, hepatopancreas antioxidant enzyme activities, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) activities, increased substantially within 72 h( P <0.05). However, a signi?cant decrease in CAT activity was found at 12 h in the Ti nc treatment( P <0.01).A signi?cant enhancement of acid phosphatase(ACP) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content was detected when scallops were acutely exposed to a temperature of 15°C. The levels of Cu/Zn-SOD gene expression in their gills up-regulated signi?cantly in response to acute temperature changes( P <0.01). These data suggest that acute temperature change af fects physiological and biochemical functions, and improve our knowledge of P. yessoensis under conditions of thermal stress.展开更多
Several studies have demonstrated that shellfish calcification rate has been impacted by ocean acidification. However, the carbonate system variables responsible for regulating calcification rate are controversial. To...Several studies have demonstrated that shellfish calcification rate has been impacted by ocean acidification. However, the carbonate system variables responsible for regulating calcification rate are controversial. To distinguish the key variables, we manipulated a seawater carbonate system by regulating seawater pH and dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC). Calcification rates of juvenile blue mussel(M ytilus edulis) and Zhikong scallop(C hlamys farreri) were measured in different carbonate systems. Our results demonstrated that neither [HCO ˉ^+ 3 ], DIC, or p H([H ^+ ]) were determining factors for the shellfish calcification rate of blue mussel or Zhikong scallop. However, a significant correlation was detected between calcification rate and DIC/[H ^+ ] and [CO_3^(2ˉ)] in both species.展开更多
The effects of three environmental factors,salinity,carbonate alkalinity,and pH,on the survival,feeding,and respiratory metabolism of Eogammarus possjeticus(Amphipoda:Gammaridae)were investigated experimentally.The re...The effects of three environmental factors,salinity,carbonate alkalinity,and pH,on the survival,feeding,and respiratory metabolism of Eogammarus possjeticus(Amphipoda:Gammaridae)were investigated experimentally.The results show that E.possjeticus could tolerate a broad salinity range.The 24-h lowest median lethal salinity was 2.70,and the highest was 47.33.The 24-h median lethal alkalinity and pH were 23.05 mmol/L and 9.91,respectively;both values decreased gradually with time.Different values of salinity,carbonate alkalinity,and pH resulted in significant differences in the cumulative mortality(P<0.05).The ingestion rate and feed absorption efficiency were significantly affected by the coupling of the three environmental factors(P<0.05).With increases in carbonate alkalinity,salinity,and pH,both ingestion rate and feed absorption efficiency exhibited a downward trend,indicating a decline in feeding ability under high salinity and more alkaline water conditions.The coupling of salinity,carbonate alkalinity,and pH also had a significant effect on respiration and excretion(P<0.05).The oxygen consumption rate increased first and then decreased with increasing carbonate alkalinity.Under the same carbonate alkalinity values,the oxygen consumption rate increased with increasing salinity.Under the same carbonate alkalinity and salinity,the oxygen consumption rate initially increased and then decreased with increasing pH.The O:N ratio first increased and then decreased with increasing carbonate alkalinity.When carbonate alkalinity was less than 6 mmol/L,the O:N ratio increased with increasing salinity and decreased with increasing pH.The results demonstrate that changes in salinity,carbonate alkalinity,and pH had a measurable impact on the osmotic pressure equilibrium in E.possjeticus and affected the energy supply mode(i.e.ratio of metabolic substrate).展开更多
文摘通过cDNA末端快速扩增(Rapid amplification of c DNA ends,RACE)技术克隆得到魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)C型凝集素(C-type lectin,Sb-Lec1)基因,该基因全长为700 bp,其中,5′-UTR为29 bp,3′-UTR为167 bp,开放阅读框长度为504 bp,编码167个氨基酸,包括长度为23个氨基酸的信号肽序列、129个氨基酸的糖识别结构域(CRD)以及参与二硫键形成的6个半胱氨酸。预测蛋白分子量为19.11 k Da,理论等电点为4.74。多序列比对结果显示,Sb-Lec1基因CRD编码的氨基酸序列与长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)、紫贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis)和海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)C型凝集素的同源性分别为38%~40%、34%~35%和38%~39%,Sb-Lec1基因编码的氨基酸序列与其他物种的凝集素基因具有相似的结构,均含有形成二硫键的4个保守半胱氨酸。系统进化分析结果显示,魁蚶先与贝类聚为一支,再与脊椎动物聚在一起,表明魁蚶Sb-Lec1基因在进化树上的位置与其传统分类所处位置一致。采用荧光定量PCR技术,检测了Sb-Lec1基因在组织中的表达情况,发现其在肝胰腺、血淋巴、鳃、外套膜、闭壳肌、斧足中均有表达,其中,肝胰腺表达量最高。同时,分析了Sb-Lec1基因在鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)刺激下的mRNA表达量变化情况。结果显示,与对照组相比,菌刺激组Sb-Lec1基因mRNA在各检测组织中的表达量均显著上调(P<0.05),随着刺激时间的延长,表达量呈先升高后降低的趋势。本研究表明,魁蚶Sb-Lec1基因在机体免疫防御方面发挥重要功能。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos30700619,40706050 and 40706048the National Key Basic Research Development Plan of China under contract No.2006CB400608+1 种基金the HI-TECH Research and Development Program of China of China under contract No.2006AA10Z414the National Science & Technology Pillar Program under contract No.2006BAD01A13.
文摘A muhispecies model for shellfish polycuhure in the Sanggou Bay in China used for large-scale long-line cultivation of the Chinese scallop Chlamysfarreri, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the kelp Laminaria japonica is presented. The model includes key physical processes which are the transports of matter at the system boundary, and the main biological process that is the primary production and nutrients release from the bottom. By the model, the seasonal fluctuations of phytoplankton biomass and dissolved inorganic nitrogen（DIN） in 1994 are simulated. Furthermore, if the kelp culture scale is kept constant and the Chinese scallop and the Pacific oyster culture scales are adjusted, virtual shellfish farms are funded and responses of phytoplankton to the largescale shellfish culture are simulated. According to these simulated results, the room limitation, and the hypothesis that shellfish will not grow well if the phytoplankton biomass is less than 8.2 mg/m^3 , the expandable multiple of scallop culture k and that of oyster culture y are determined as k = -0.276 5y ＋4.690 5 and 0.133 3k ＋0.006 6y≤0.667 5, where, k （ or y） is equal to 1, the culture scale of scallop （ or oyster） is 8.8 x 109 individuals （or 66 ha, with a density of 59 ind./m^2 ）, and the kelp culture scale is 3 300 ha with a density of 12 ind./m^2.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFD0900803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41876185)+2 种基金the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(No.2018SDKJ0502)the Youth Talent Program Supported by Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(No.2018-MFS-T13)the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(No.CARS-49)。
文摘Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture(IMTA)is an effective method for sustainable aquaculture as species from different trophic levels could reduce negative effects from fed species in the environment.A proper proportion of different trophic species in an IMTA system could improve the aquaculture production and environmental sustainability.At present,research on the proper proportions for farming species is scarce.We investigated the effects of IMTA modes of oyster(Crassostrea gigas)and kelp(Saccharina japonica)in different weight ratios on water quality and carbonate system in a closed enclosure experiment for three days in the Sanggou Bay in Shandong Province,China,in December 2017.Nine collocation modes in oyster:kelp weight ratio were tested showing as 24:3,24:2,24:1,16:3,16:2,16:1,8:3,8:2,and 8:1.The water parameters were determined at 17:00 on Day 1(D1),and 6:00 and 17:00 on Days 2(D2)and 3(D3).As two-way ANOVA showed,all increased parameters(dissolved oxygen(DO),pH,chl a,the carbonate system and pCO2)were significantly related to oyster-kelp modes,and interaction between modes and time were also significant(P<0.05).On the 3th day,the 8:3 mode was the highest in DO,pH,chl a,CO32-(P<0.05),and dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC),HCO3-,CO2,and pCO2 were the lowest(P<0.05).According to previous references and the results of this study,the appropriate oyster:kelp proportion at the beginning of winter is from 8:2 to 8:3.The results of this study may help government to optimize the aquaculture structure of Sanggou Bay.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41761134052,41676147)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,YSFRI,CAFS(No.20603022017019)+2 种基金the Director Project Financially Supported by Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(No.QNLM201707)the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(No.CARS-49)the Postdoctoral Applied Research Programs of Qingdao Municipal Government
文摘Water temperature is generally considered to be a major factor af fecting the physiological and biochemical activities of marine bivalves. Here, the physiological and biochemical responses of Yesso scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, to acute water temperature changes in summer were studied. Scallops were transferred directly to a lower temperature( T dec treatment)(from 23°C to 15°C) or to a higher temperature( Ti nc treatment)(from 15°C to 23°C) for 72 h, respectively. Results showed that the oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion rates of P. yessoensis decreased signi?cantly in the T dec treatment but increased dramatically at 6 h in the Ti nc treatment( P <0.05). In the T dec treatment, hepatopancreas antioxidant enzyme activities, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) activities, increased substantially within 72 h( P <0.05). However, a signi?cant decrease in CAT activity was found at 12 h in the Ti nc treatment( P <0.01).A signi?cant enhancement of acid phosphatase(ACP) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content was detected when scallops were acutely exposed to a temperature of 15°C. The levels of Cu/Zn-SOD gene expression in their gills up-regulated signi?cantly in response to acute temperature changes( P <0.01). These data suggest that acute temperature change af fects physiological and biochemical functions, and improve our knowledge of P. yessoensis under conditions of thermal stress.
基金Supported by the Special Scientific Research Funds for Central Nonprofit Institutes,CAFS(No.2014A01YY01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41606194)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers(No.U1406403)the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System(No.CARS-48)the National Marine Public Welfare Research Project(Nos.201305043,201205031)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2011BAD13B02)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(No.2015ASKJ02)
文摘Several studies have demonstrated that shellfish calcification rate has been impacted by ocean acidification. However, the carbonate system variables responsible for regulating calcification rate are controversial. To distinguish the key variables, we manipulated a seawater carbonate system by regulating seawater pH and dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC). Calcification rates of juvenile blue mussel(M ytilus edulis) and Zhikong scallop(C hlamys farreri) were measured in different carbonate systems. Our results demonstrated that neither [HCO ˉ^+ 3 ], DIC, or p H([H ^+ ]) were determining factors for the shellfish calcification rate of blue mussel or Zhikong scallop. However, a significant correlation was detected between calcification rate and DIC/[H ^+ ] and [CO_3^(2ˉ)] in both species.
基金Supported by the Youth Talent Support Program of the Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(No.LMEESYTSP-2018-04-02)the Creative Team Project of the Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(No.LMEES-CTSP-2018-4)+1 种基金the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(No.2020TD50)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,YSFRI,CAFS(No.20603022018003)。
文摘The effects of three environmental factors,salinity,carbonate alkalinity,and pH,on the survival,feeding,and respiratory metabolism of Eogammarus possjeticus(Amphipoda:Gammaridae)were investigated experimentally.The results show that E.possjeticus could tolerate a broad salinity range.The 24-h lowest median lethal salinity was 2.70,and the highest was 47.33.The 24-h median lethal alkalinity and pH were 23.05 mmol/L and 9.91,respectively;both values decreased gradually with time.Different values of salinity,carbonate alkalinity,and pH resulted in significant differences in the cumulative mortality(P<0.05).The ingestion rate and feed absorption efficiency were significantly affected by the coupling of the three environmental factors(P<0.05).With increases in carbonate alkalinity,salinity,and pH,both ingestion rate and feed absorption efficiency exhibited a downward trend,indicating a decline in feeding ability under high salinity and more alkaline water conditions.The coupling of salinity,carbonate alkalinity,and pH also had a significant effect on respiration and excretion(P<0.05).The oxygen consumption rate increased first and then decreased with increasing carbonate alkalinity.Under the same carbonate alkalinity values,the oxygen consumption rate increased with increasing salinity.Under the same carbonate alkalinity and salinity,the oxygen consumption rate initially increased and then decreased with increasing pH.The O:N ratio first increased and then decreased with increasing carbonate alkalinity.When carbonate alkalinity was less than 6 mmol/L,the O:N ratio increased with increasing salinity and decreased with increasing pH.The results demonstrate that changes in salinity,carbonate alkalinity,and pH had a measurable impact on the osmotic pressure equilibrium in E.possjeticus and affected the energy supply mode(i.e.ratio of metabolic substrate).
