Reactive oxygen species are involved in cell death in wheat roots against powdery mildew

Inoculation of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)leaves with wheat powdery mildew fungus(Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici)induces the cell death in adventitious roots.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)play a key role in respond to biotic stress in plants.To study the involvement of ROS and the degree of cell death in the wheat roots following inoculation,ROS levels and microstructure of root cells were analyzed in two wheat cultivars that are susceptible(Huamai 8)and resistant(Shenmai 8)to powdery mildew fungus.At 18 d after powdery mildew fungus inoculation,only Huamai 8 displayed the leaf lesions,while root cell death occurred in both varieties.Huamai 8 had a high level of ROS accumulation,which is associated with increased root cell degradation,while in Shenmai 8,there was little ROS accumulation correlating with slight root cell degradation.The molecular study about the expression levels of ROS scavenging genes(MnSOD and CAT)in wheat roots showed that these genes expression decreased after the leaves of wheat was inoculated.The difference between Huamai 8 and Shenmai 8 on subcellular localization of H2 O2 and O2^–·was corresponded with the different down-regulation of the genes encoding for superoxide dismutase and catalase in two wheat cultivars.These results suggested that ROS were involved in the process by which powdery mildew fungus induced cell death in wheat roots.