利用东乡野生稻染色体片段置换系鉴定穗部性状主效QTL

【目的】稻穗是水稻产量的主要承载者,发掘穗部性状相关的主效QTL对进一步精细定位、克隆和育种利用具有重要意义。【方法】以粳稻日本晴为受体、东乡野生稻为供体构建的一套染色体片段置换系(chromosome segment substitution lines,CSSLs)群体为材料,在4个生态环境下进行穗部性状表型鉴定与主效QTL定位分析。【结果】不同生态环境下CSSL群体穗部性状存在较大幅度变异,东乡野生稻染色体片段的导入显著改变背景亲本的穗部性状,具有明显的增产效应;早季、中季、晚季和海南环境下共检测到64个控制每穗颖花数和籽粒大小的QTL,其中qPL2、qSN1.2、qSN2、qFGN3、qTGW2、qTGW12.1和qSL2在3个环境下稳定表达,21个QTL在2个环境下被重复检测到,其余QTL仅在单一环境下被发现;主效QTLqSN1.1、qSN1.2、qSN2、qSN3和qSN12对每穗颖花数具有明显的影响,多个QTL聚合具有明显调控每穗颖花数的功能;主效QTLqSL2、qSL3.2、qSLW3.1、qSLW3.2、qTGW8.1和qSLW10对籽粒大小具有明显的影响。这些位点分别作用于粒长、粒宽和长宽比,相互作用、共同决定籽粒大小;同时,穗部性状QTL成簇分布于10个染色体区段,其中主效QTL簇qGNS1.1、qGNS1.3、qGNS2.1、qGNS3.1、qGNS9、qGNS10和qGNS12包含多个调控每穗颖花数及籽粒大小性状的QTL,可在不同环境下稳定表达。来自东乡野生稻的等位基因具有明显调控产量表型的功能。【结论】研究结果不仅为东乡野生稻优异基因发掘奠定基础,也可为水稻穗部性状的分子育种提供新基因源。

江西省水稻地方品种资源的收集与鉴定评价

通过“第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动”项目,对江西省各农业县(市)水稻地方品种资源进行了调查和收集,2017-2019年共收集到水稻地方品种资源321份,对其形态特征、主要农艺性状和品质特性进行了鉴定。从地域分布来看,江西水稻地方品种资源在11个地级市均有分布,主要集中分布于九江、上饶、宜春、抚州、吉安和赣州等6个面积较大且山区丘陵地较多的地级市,这些地区经济欠发达、交通不便,又是少数民族聚集地,农户喜欢以水稻地方品种的稻米为原材料加工美食。江西省水稻地方品种资源存在籼稻与粳稻两个亚种,以籼稻为主,分为早稻、中稻和晚稻,以中、晚稻为主,粘稻和糯稻分别占38.0%和62.0%,种皮颜色种类丰富,有35份红米和紫黑米种质资源。江西水稻地方品种资源遗传变异丰富,多数表现为颖尖秆黄、无芒或短芒,穗型适宜、剑叶及茎秆角度适中、抗倒伏且落粒性适宜;鉴定出15份抽穗期与株高适宜的大穗、多颖花、高结实率、高千粒重的优良品种资源,还筛选鉴定出优异糯稻和有色稻米资源各12份。这些水稻优异地方品种资源具有较大的挖掘潜力,可为水稻新品种选育提供重要的资源支撑。

王万林从“痰”“郁”论治重度乳腺增生病经验

王万林认为重度乳腺增生病应从“郁”和“痰”论治,以“郁”为源,以“痰”为因,痰郁交错互结,病情渐重。以肝郁痰凝为其主要病机,善用药对;治疗以疏肝化痰为法,善用药对;创制乳癖汤,配合散结乳癖中药硬膏行气畅郁化痰;强调痰郁共治,内外同行,形神同调。

Rupi Sanjie Xiaotong Plaster in Treating Breast Hyperplasia of Liver Stagnation and Phlegm Coagulation Pattern

Objective:To observe the clinical efcacy and safety of external application of Rupi Sanjie Xiaotong Plaster(乳癖散结消痛膏,RPSJXTP)in treating breast hyperplasia of liver stagnation and phlegm coagulation pattern.Methods:Totally 72 female patients with breast hyperplasia of liver stagnation and phlegm coagulation pattern admitted to the First Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Chinese Medicine were enrolled by ran-domized,single-blind,placebo-controlled research method,and were divided into the treatment group(36 ca-ses)and the control group(36 cases)according to computer random number method.The treatment group were given RPSJXTP,while the control group were gi ven placebo plaster.The course of treatment in both groups was 8 weeks.The breast pain score,breast color ultrasound score,lump score,depression score,and Chinese medicine syndrome score were compared between the two groups at different times.The levels of estra-diol(E_(2)),progesterone(P)and pituitary prolactin(PRL)were detected and the adverse reactions of two groups were observed during the treatment of both groups.Results:Before treatment,there was no significant difference in total breast pain score,breast color ultrasound score,lump score,depression score and levels of serum P,E_(2)and PRL between the two groups(P>0.05);compared with previous treatment,the total breast pain score,breast color ultrasound score,lump score,and depression score significantly decreased in the treat-ment group(P<0.05),and the total breast pain score and depression score of the control group significantly declined(P<0.05);compared with control group,the total breast pain score,breast color ultrasound score,lump score,and depression score significantly decreased after treatment in the treatment group(P<0.05).The improvement rate of Chinese medicine syndromes and the clinical efective rate in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).There were no serious systemie adverse reactions during the treatment in both groups.Local pruritus occurred in 3 cases in the treatment group and 1 case in the control group.Conclusion:RPSJXTP is effective in treating breast hyperplasia of liver stagnation and phlegm coagula-tion pattern.It can effectively relieve the breast pain which will not recur after stopping of drug use,which can reduce the color ultrasound score,lump score,and depression score of the patients and improve Chinese medi-cine syndromes without serious adverse reactions.