Objective Our objective was to investigate the occurrence of opportunistic pathogens and characterize the bacterial community structures in the water system of a pulmonary hospital.Methods The water samples were colle...Objective Our objective was to investigate the occurrence of opportunistic pathogens and characterize the bacterial community structures in the water system of a pulmonary hospital.Methods The water samples were collected from automatic and manual faucets in the consulting room,treatment room,dressing room,respiratory ward,and other non-medical rooms in three buildings of the hospital.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the load of several waterborne opportunistic pathogens and related microorganisms,including Legionella spp.,Mycobacterium spp.,and M.avium.Illumina sequencing targeting 16 S r RNA genes was performed to profile bacterial communities.Results The occurrence rates of Legionella spp.,Mycobacterium spp.,and M.avium were 100%,100%,and 76%,respectively in all samples.Higher occurrence rates of M.avium were observed in the outpatient service building(building 1,91.7%)and respiration department and wards(building 2,80%)than in the office building(building 3),where no M.avium was found.M.avium were more abundant in automatic faucets(average 2.21×10~4 gene copies/L)than in manual faucets(average 1.03×10~4 gene copies/m L)(P<0.01).Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Cyanobacteria,Firmicutes,and Acidobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla.Disinfectant residuals,nitrate,and temperature were found to be the key environmental factors driving microbial community structure shifts in water systems.Conclusion This study revealed a high level of colonization of water faucets by opportunistic pathogens and provided insight into the characteristics of microbial communities in a hospital water system and approaches to reduce risks of microbial contamination.展开更多
[目的/意义]间歇性中辍是社交网络用户消极使用行为的内容之一,通过分析国内外代表性研究成果,对该领域研究的知识体系和关键问题进行系统梳理,并据此展望未来研究趋势,为后续学术研究提供一定的借鉴作用。[方法/过程]基于中国知网和Web...[目的/意义]间歇性中辍是社交网络用户消极使用行为的内容之一,通过分析国内外代表性研究成果,对该领域研究的知识体系和关键问题进行系统梳理,并据此展望未来研究趋势,为后续学术研究提供一定的借鉴作用。[方法/过程]基于中国知网和Web of Science等数据源,通过关键词检索、追溯检索和主题分析等步骤筛选出54篇重要文献,对研究主题、研究理论、研究方法3个关键问题进行系统综述,并据此构建规范性研究流程的框架。[结果/结论]社交网络情境下的用户间歇性中辍行为研究尚处于起步阶段,在研究主题的细分程度、理论模型的丰富度和研究方法的多样性等方面还有较大的研究空间。基于信息科学、心理学、社会学、新闻传播学等交叉学科视角,从促进因素和抑制因素双向博弈、外部社会环境和心理情感体验综合作用角度来深入探究社交网络用户间歇性中辍行为的影响因素和形成机理将成为未来该领域研究的趋势。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.51878468 and No.51508397]the Hospital Management Research Fund of Shanghai Medical Association[No.Q1902037]+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe National Major Science and Technology Project for Water Pollution Control and Treatment[No.2017ZX07201002]。
文摘Objective Our objective was to investigate the occurrence of opportunistic pathogens and characterize the bacterial community structures in the water system of a pulmonary hospital.Methods The water samples were collected from automatic and manual faucets in the consulting room,treatment room,dressing room,respiratory ward,and other non-medical rooms in three buildings of the hospital.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the load of several waterborne opportunistic pathogens and related microorganisms,including Legionella spp.,Mycobacterium spp.,and M.avium.Illumina sequencing targeting 16 S r RNA genes was performed to profile bacterial communities.Results The occurrence rates of Legionella spp.,Mycobacterium spp.,and M.avium were 100%,100%,and 76%,respectively in all samples.Higher occurrence rates of M.avium were observed in the outpatient service building(building 1,91.7%)and respiration department and wards(building 2,80%)than in the office building(building 3),where no M.avium was found.M.avium were more abundant in automatic faucets(average 2.21×10~4 gene copies/L)than in manual faucets(average 1.03×10~4 gene copies/m L)(P<0.01).Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Cyanobacteria,Firmicutes,and Acidobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla.Disinfectant residuals,nitrate,and temperature were found to be the key environmental factors driving microbial community structure shifts in water systems.Conclusion This study revealed a high level of colonization of water faucets by opportunistic pathogens and provided insight into the characteristics of microbial communities in a hospital water system and approaches to reduce risks of microbial contamination.
文摘[目的/意义]间歇性中辍是社交网络用户消极使用行为的内容之一,通过分析国内外代表性研究成果,对该领域研究的知识体系和关键问题进行系统梳理,并据此展望未来研究趋势,为后续学术研究提供一定的借鉴作用。[方法/过程]基于中国知网和Web of Science等数据源,通过关键词检索、追溯检索和主题分析等步骤筛选出54篇重要文献,对研究主题、研究理论、研究方法3个关键问题进行系统综述,并据此构建规范性研究流程的框架。[结果/结论]社交网络情境下的用户间歇性中辍行为研究尚处于起步阶段,在研究主题的细分程度、理论模型的丰富度和研究方法的多样性等方面还有较大的研究空间。基于信息科学、心理学、社会学、新闻传播学等交叉学科视角,从促进因素和抑制因素双向博弈、外部社会环境和心理情感体验综合作用角度来深入探究社交网络用户间歇性中辍行为的影响因素和形成机理将成为未来该领域研究的趋势。
