凡纳滨对虾的主要选育目标分为两个方面:一是培育具有较强抗病、抗逆性的“高抗系”(GK),二是培育具有快速生长特性的“快大系”(KD)。然而,国内缺少针对这两个选育群体的遗传多样性特别是基因组近交水平的调查分析研究。基于液相芯片...凡纳滨对虾的主要选育目标分为两个方面:一是培育具有较强抗病、抗逆性的“高抗系”(GK),二是培育具有快速生长特性的“快大系”(KD)。然而,国内缺少针对这两个选育群体的遗传多样性特别是基因组近交水平的调查分析研究。基于液相芯片“黄海芯1号”(55 K SNP)的基因分型数据,首次分析了GK(1064尾个体)和KD(564尾个体)选育群体的遗传结构和遗传多样性,调查了连续性纯合片段(ROH)的基因组分布特征,并重点评估了两个群体的基因组近交水平。PCA及进化树分析表明GK及KD群体可明确分层,亲缘关系热图表明KD群体内个体间的亲缘关系比GK群体更近。GK群体包括的家系数量更多,导致其遗传多样性高于KD群体;两群体间的F_(st)为0.09,存在中等遗传分化。GK和KD群体每个ROH的平均长度分别为(1.70±0.34)Mb和(1.65±0.38)Mb,每个样本ROH的平均数量分别为1.98±1.30和2.07±1.37。GK和KD群体0.8~1.25 Mb长度的ROH占比分别为11.41%和19.17%,表明KD群体的选育历史比GK群体更长。两个群体>2.25 Mb长度的ROH片段占比分别为10.26和9.74%,表明两个群体短期内未发生近亲交配。七种基因组近交系数评估结果表明,KD群体的近交水平高于GK群体。不依赖基础群体等位基因频率的F_(ROH)和F_(HOM)方法可准确地评价育种群体的真实近交水平,而F_(VR1)、F_(YA1)和F_(LH1)等依赖基础群体等位基因频率的方法可以用来比较群体及个体间的相对近交水平。上述结果为准确地评估育种群体的近交水平和优化育种方案提供了重要参考依据。展开更多
Although dramatic warming is occurring in the Arctic,it is incomplete to provide an estimate to the Arctic Amplification(AA)based only on the surface air temperature(SAT)obtained at a few land stations.In this study,a...Although dramatic warming is occurring in the Arctic,it is incomplete to provide an estimate to the Arctic Amplification(AA)based only on the surface air temperature(SAT)obtained at a few land stations.In this study,a comprehensive evaluation has been made with sea surface temperature(SST)and SAT from the Arctic land and ocean.Additionally,the variations of sea surface parameters were analyzed for a better understanding of the updated Arctic changes in recent years.AA was underestimated by 4.3%when only considering the SAT.During 1982—2018,the Arctic and global SSTs increased dramatically after 2002 with a near-synchronous trend in 2011—2018.Sea ice extent exhibited negative anomalies in September and March after 2002,which were more significant in September.The warming was more remarkable in March than that in September,and the negative SST anomaly entirely disappeared in March in the last two years(2017—2018).However,sea ice thickness and snow depth in September increased with the positive anomaly in the southwestern Arctic Ocean.展开更多
文摘凡纳滨对虾的主要选育目标分为两个方面:一是培育具有较强抗病、抗逆性的“高抗系”(GK),二是培育具有快速生长特性的“快大系”(KD)。然而,国内缺少针对这两个选育群体的遗传多样性特别是基因组近交水平的调查分析研究。基于液相芯片“黄海芯1号”(55 K SNP)的基因分型数据,首次分析了GK(1064尾个体)和KD(564尾个体)选育群体的遗传结构和遗传多样性,调查了连续性纯合片段(ROH)的基因组分布特征,并重点评估了两个群体的基因组近交水平。PCA及进化树分析表明GK及KD群体可明确分层,亲缘关系热图表明KD群体内个体间的亲缘关系比GK群体更近。GK群体包括的家系数量更多,导致其遗传多样性高于KD群体;两群体间的F_(st)为0.09,存在中等遗传分化。GK和KD群体每个ROH的平均长度分别为(1.70±0.34)Mb和(1.65±0.38)Mb,每个样本ROH的平均数量分别为1.98±1.30和2.07±1.37。GK和KD群体0.8~1.25 Mb长度的ROH占比分别为11.41%和19.17%,表明KD群体的选育历史比GK群体更长。两个群体>2.25 Mb长度的ROH片段占比分别为10.26和9.74%,表明两个群体短期内未发生近亲交配。七种基因组近交系数评估结果表明,KD群体的近交水平高于GK群体。不依赖基础群体等位基因频率的F_(ROH)和F_(HOM)方法可准确地评价育种群体的真实近交水平,而F_(VR1)、F_(YA1)和F_(LH1)等依赖基础群体等位基因频率的方法可以用来比较群体及个体间的相对近交水平。上述结果为准确地评估育种群体的近交水平和优化育种方案提供了重要参考依据。
基金the Frontier Science Key Project of CAS(QYZDY-SSW-DQC021,and QYZDJ-SSW-DQC039)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41721091)+2 种基金Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions,CAS(LPCC2018005)the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science(SKLCS-ZZ-2020)Foundation for Excellent Youth Scholars of Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,CAS(FEYS2019020).
文摘Although dramatic warming is occurring in the Arctic,it is incomplete to provide an estimate to the Arctic Amplification(AA)based only on the surface air temperature(SAT)obtained at a few land stations.In this study,a comprehensive evaluation has been made with sea surface temperature(SST)and SAT from the Arctic land and ocean.Additionally,the variations of sea surface parameters were analyzed for a better understanding of the updated Arctic changes in recent years.AA was underestimated by 4.3%when only considering the SAT.During 1982—2018,the Arctic and global SSTs increased dramatically after 2002 with a near-synchronous trend in 2011—2018.Sea ice extent exhibited negative anomalies in September and March after 2002,which were more significant in September.The warming was more remarkable in March than that in September,and the negative SST anomaly entirely disappeared in March in the last two years(2017—2018).However,sea ice thickness and snow depth in September increased with the positive anomaly in the southwestern Arctic Ocean.
