地月L2中继星或月球轨道器对月球背面着陆器多普勒定位精度分析

针对地面站无法对月球背面着陆器定位的问题,分别对月球背面着陆器利用月球轨道器上行信号和地月L2中继星上行信号的多普勒对其定位的两种模式进行了研究。在月固坐标系下,理论分析了两种模式下轨道器的多普勒定位精度,以及几何精度因子及频率稳定度对定位精度的影响。在STK软件中对两种定位模式建模,利用其导出的星历数据定量评估了两种定位模式下着陆器的定位精度,讨论了应用两种定位模式应满足的时间约束和空间约束条件,同时定量分析给出了不同载频、不同观测时间长度下,着陆器时钟应该满足的频率稳定度。

地月L2中继星单星多源转发月球背面弯管导航

针对月球背面载人航天器的高精度、高时效性导航需求,解决仅用单颗地月L2中继星多源转发为月背面用户导航着陆提供技术支撑的问题。以地月L2点Halo轨道中继星为桥梁,将地球空间的深空网、GNSS星座等时空基准节点转发给月球背面用户,研究通过转发前后向距离和夹角的测量实现月球遮挡距离再生,利用再生距离和多个地月空间时空节点解析地给出月背面用户位置。采用STK对月背面导航场景进行仿真建模,通过蒙特卡罗方法数值分析月背面导航定位精度。结果表明:当月球遮挡距离重构误差小于0.6 ns时,采用本文方法月背面用户的三维定位精度优于100 m。

基于低轨通信星座的全球导航增强系统

针对我国难以全球建站实现全球连续监测,以及当前全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)精密定位收敛速度慢的难题,提出一种基于低轨全球通信星座的全球导航增强系统。该系统不需独立建设,可与低轨通信星座融合发展。低轨卫星既可作为"天基监测站",又可作为"导航信息源"。结合正在发展的低轨鸿雁全球通信系统进行仿真分析,作为"天基监测站"时,通过配置高精确度GNSS接收机,采用"地面区域监测网+天基全球监测网"的观测体制,实现中高轨导航卫星与低轨通信卫星的联合精密定轨与钟差确定;作为"导航信息源"时,可降低几何精确度因子(GDOP)值和缩短精密单点定位首次收敛时间,相比只利用北斗单系统,在收敛时间方面具有显著优势,收敛时间从30 min缩短到5 min以内。

星载汞离子微波钟射频无极灯折射透镜仿真设计

汞离子微波钟以其预期可见的优良性能和高可靠性,成为下一代星载时钟的研究热点。星载汞离子微波钟利用射频离子无极灯发出的194nm深紫外光进行量子态制备和态检测,但受汞离子微波钟四极阱的结构限制,需在光束入射四极阱前,将入射光面由圆形整变为矩形。针对此问题,文章利用ZEMAX软件设计折射透镜组,将波长194nm、直径4mm的圆光斑整形为2mm×20mm的矩形光斑。与其他原子钟和离子钟光束整形系统不同的是,在完成光斑尺寸变形的基础上,考虑到汞离子微波钟的泵浦效率,要求整形光斑光强尽量呈均匀分布。因此,额外利用光场分布法设计透镜组,将光强重新分布,得到均匀分布的矩形光斑。仿真结果显示,矩形光斑分布均匀,光强均匀度达73. 52%,外形尺寸满足设计要求。分析表明,波长偏移对光强均匀度有一定影响,光学系统的装配精度对光学系统的波前差有较大影响。

基于光梳的自由空间双向时频传递技术研究现状及趋势

随着光钟精度的不断提高,光学时频传递技术已经成为当前的研究热点。基于光梳的自由空间双向时频传递技术既能实现高精度的时间传递又能实现高精度的频率传递,已经成为当前光学时频传递技术的主要发展方向之一。本文介绍了基于光梳的自由空间双向时频传递技术的主要概念及方法,并对它的发展现状和趋势进行了总结和分析。目前基于光梳的自由空间双向时频传递技术可以在公里级的大气湍流信道上实现亚飞秒级的时间同步。该方法将为光钟远程比对和“秒”的重新定义提供技术支撑。

基于升压匹配技术的射频铷灯发光研究

充有一定比例的铷原子和缓冲气体的射频无极灯可用于星载铷钟的量子态制备和态检测。因此,射频铷灯中不同成分物质的光谱特性将会直接影响量子态的泵浦效率。在实验室条件下,利用实验仪器搭建,可以自由改变射频激励功率和铷灯工作温度的谱灯发光实验平台,并首次利用升压匹配技术实现不同射频激励频率下的射频功率匹配。利用该实验平台可以便捷地研究灯泡工作温度、射频激励功率、射频激励频率等参数对铷灯发光强度的影响。实验表明,随着射频灯泡工作温度的上升,铷原子的780nm和795nm谱线强度先上升后下降,而780nm和795nm谱线强度之比I_(780)/I_(795)先下降后上升。因此,稀有气体发光强度在窄温度区间内快速下降。射频功率对于射频铷灯内不同成分发光谱线强度的影响与温度类似,而射频激励频率对铷原子和稀有气体发光强度的影响并不明显。

北斗卫星自主完好性监测及在轨性能评估

With the development of satellite navigation technology,the user demands for the integrity of Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)have increased more and more.A ground-based monitoring system can hardly report an alarm message to GNSS users during the valid alarming period due to the satellite-Earth propagation delay.It is beneficial to monitor abnormal events and report the corresponding alarms from orbit.Adopting this approach,which is an important feature for future GNSS integrity monitoring,the time needed to provide an alarm is shorter and the system integrity capability is strengthened.The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)new generation satellites have the capabilities of satellite autonomous integrity monitoring(SAIM).This paper presents the technical scheme of SAIM,and proposes the integrity monitoring method of both navigation signals and the clocks onboard.The proposed method was verified through the onboard test on the BDS satellites.In addition,we analyzed the integrity telemetry data from the new generation of BDS satellite,including signal delay,power,carrier phase measurement,correlation peak,consistency of pseudo-code and carrier phase,clock phase and frequency step.The analysis results indicated that the quality of the data on orbit met the requirements,and SAIM could monitor effectively any abnormal change of satellite clocks and navigation signal,generate rapidly an alarm message,and transmit it to the user.The alarm time was less than 6 s through the message,and 2 s through non-standard code(NSC).Finally,we present future opportunities for improving the SAIM technology of BDS.

Observation of regular pulse train in a narrow-band optoelectronic oscillator

We have experimentally observed a new operating state of a regular pulse train in a narrow-band optoelectronic oscillator(OEO) system, where the direct-current(DC) bias of the Mach-Zehnder modulator is set at the maximum value of the transmission transfer function instead of the usual quadrature point. The observed quasi-steady-state pulse train is distinctly periodic, with a period of 10.5 μs and a center frequency of 10 GHz, and resembles a mode-locked OEO in its waveform. The formation of regular pulses here may arise from the dynamic balance of nonlinearity and narrow-band filter effects, with the transient characteristics of the pulses arising mainly from instabilities between the gain and cavity loss. Our results are of great importance for deepening the understanding of the nonlinear dynamical processes in OEO systems.

Design and test of HiSGR: a novel GNSS/INS ultra tight coupled receiver

With the support of the national nature science foundation,the Academy of Space Electronic Information Technology is developing a novel compact spaceborne GNSS receiver,referred to as the HiSGR(High Sensitivity GNSS Receiver).This receiver can operate effectively in the full range of Earth orbiting missions,from LEO(Low Earth Orbit)to geostationary and beyond.Improved signal detection algorithms are used in the signal process section of the HiSGR and an inertial sensor is used for GNSS/INS ultra tight coupled design,which makes the acquisition process fast and provides improved tracking performance for weaker GPS signals in the presence of high dynamics.Extensive tests are performed using the HiSGR to demonstrate the good performance of some crucial specifications,by employing a real GNSS signal received in an open field and through hardware-in-the-loop simulation.Receiver performance is demonstrated for LEO and GEO scenarios.A ground vehicle running test is performed for demonstration of fast acquisition and reacquisition capabilities under conditions of signal loss.The HiSGR showed good performance and it was stable during the simulations and tests,which proved its capability for future space applications.