There are various types of traumatic stimuli,such as catastrophic events like wars,natural calamities like earthquakes,and personal trauma from physical and psychological neglect or abuse and sexual abuse.Traumatic ev...There are various types of traumatic stimuli,such as catastrophic events like wars,natural calamities like earthquakes,and personal trauma from physical and psychological neglect or abuse and sexual abuse.Traumatic events can be divided into type I and type II trauma,and their impacts on individuals depend not only on the severity and duration of the traumas but also on individuals’self-evaluation of the traumatic events.Individual stress reactions to trauma include posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD),complex PTSD and trauma-related depression.Trauma-related depression is a reactive depression with unclear pathology,and depression occurring due to trauma in the childhood has gained increasing attention,because it has persisted for a long time and does not respond to conventional antidepressants but shows good or partial response to psychotherapy,which is similar to the pattern observed for PTSD.Because trauma-related depression is associated with high risk of suicide and is chronic with a propensity to relapse,it is necessary to explore its pathogenesis and therapeutic strategy.展开更多
CD36 is a highly glycosylated integral membrane protein that belongs to the scavenger receptor class B family and regulates the pathological progress of metabolic diseases.CD36 was recently found to be widely expresse...CD36 is a highly glycosylated integral membrane protein that belongs to the scavenger receptor class B family and regulates the pathological progress of metabolic diseases.CD36 was recently found to be widely expressed in various cell types in the nervous system,including endothelial cells,pericytes,astrocytes,and microglia.CD36 mediates a number of regulatory processes,such as endothelial dysfunction,oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction,and inflammatory responses,which are involved in many central nervous system diseases,such as stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and spinal cord injury.CD36 antagonists can suppress CD36 expression or prevent CD36 binding to its ligand,thereby achieving inhibition of CD36-mediated pathways or functions.Here,we reviewed the mechanisms of action of CD36 antagonists,such as Salvianolic acid B,tanshinone IIA,curcumin,sulfosuccinimidyl oleate,antioxidants,and small-molecule compounds.Moreover,we predicted the structures of binding sites between CD36 and antagonists.These sites can provide targets for more efficient and safer CD36 antagonists for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.展开更多
Adenine nucleotide translocator(ANT)is a mitochondrial protein involved in the exchange of ADP and ATP across the mitochondrial inner membrane.It plays a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism by facilitating the ...Adenine nucleotide translocator(ANT)is a mitochondrial protein involved in the exchange of ADP and ATP across the mitochondrial inner membrane.It plays a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism by facilitating the transport of ATP synthesized within the mitochondria to the cytoplasm.The isoform ANT1 predominately expresses in cardiac and skeletal muscles.Mutations or dysregulation in ANT1 have been implicated in various mitochondrial disorders and neuromuscular diseases.We aimed to examine whether ANT1 deletion may affect mitochondrial redox state in our established ANT1-de-cient mice.Hearts and quadriceps resected from age-matched wild type(WT)and ANT1-de-cient mice were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen.The Chance redox scanner was utilized to perform 3D optical redox imaging.Each sample underwent scanning across 3–5 sections.Global averaging analysis showed no signi-cant differences in the redox indices(NADH,flavin adenine dinucleotide containing-flavoproteins Fp,and the redox ratio Fp/(NADH+Fp)between WT and ANT1-de-cient groups.However,quadriceps had higher Fp than hearts in both groups(p¼0:0004 and 0.01,respectively).Furthermore,the quadriceps were also more oxidized(a higher redox ratio)than hearts in WT group(p¼0:004).NADH levels were similar in all cases.Our data suggest that under non-stressful physical condition,the ANT1-de-cient muscle cells were in the same mitochondrial state as WT ones and that the signi-cant difference in the mitochondrial redox state between quadriceps and hearts found in WT might be diminished in ANT1-de-cient ones.Redox imaging of muscles under physical stress can be conducted in future.展开更多
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-associated dementia(HAD)is a subcortical form of dementia characterized by memory deficits and psychomotor slowing.However,HAD often presents with symptoms similar to those...BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-associated dementia(HAD)is a subcortical form of dementia characterized by memory deficits and psychomotor slowing.However,HAD often presents with symptoms similar to those of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD),particularly in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS).CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 54-year-old male who exhibited cognitive dysfunction and secondary behavioral changes following HIV infection and suspected prion exposure.The patient was diagnosed with HIV during hospitalization and his cerebrospinal fluid tested positive for 14-3-3 proteins.His electroencephalogram showed a borderline-abnormal periodic triphasic wave pattern.Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed moderate encephalatrophy and demyelination.Initially,symptomatic treatment and administration of amantadine were pursued for presumed CJD,but the patient’s condition continued to deteriorate.By contrast,the patient’s condition improved following anti-HIV therapy.This individual is also the only patient with this prognosis to have survived over 4 years.Thus,the diagnosis was revised to HAD.CONCLUSION In the diagnostic process of rapidly progressive dementia,it is crucial to rule out as many potential causes as possible and to consider an autopsy to diminish diagnostic uncertainty.The 14-3-3 protein should not be regarded as the definitive marker for CJD.Comprehensive laboratory screening for infectious diseases is essential to enhance diagnostic precision,especially in AIDS patients with potential CJD.Ultimately,a trial of diagnostic treatment may be considered when additional testing is not feasible.展开更多
SAR图像舰船目标检测时,因近海岸港口存在着复杂背景的问题,以至于重叠舰船目标无法被准确提取特征信息,造成近海岸的舰船目标出现漏检、误检的情况.针对以上问题,提出一种复杂场景下的SAR图像舰船检测算法,该算法基于YOLOv5进行改进,采...SAR图像舰船目标检测时,因近海岸港口存在着复杂背景的问题,以至于重叠舰船目标无法被准确提取特征信息,造成近海岸的舰船目标出现漏检、误检的情况.针对以上问题,提出一种复杂场景下的SAR图像舰船检测算法,该算法基于YOLOv5进行改进,采用SPPF结构加强提取特征信息,并融合原YOLOv5的SPP结构提取的特征信息,这种多级金字塔模块并列融合的方式能有效的检测多尺度舰船目标,使特征信息更好的表达;然后将原模型中的GIOU改进为CIOU,使其可以准确的回归出预测框的位置;最终为了更合理的筛选高于阈值的预测框,改进NMS(Non-Maximum-Suppression),采用Soft-NMS方法去惩罚衰减高于阈值的边框得分,合理的去除预测框.试验结果表明,该文改进的模型相比于原模型在SSDD、SAR-Ship-Dataset数据集上的mAP(mean Average Precision)提高了5.15%和5.06%,改进模型能有效检测近海岸中复杂背景下的SAR图像舰船目标.展开更多
In order to stagger the early harvest stage of daylily and critical busy summer farming season in Qingyang City, late-maturing daylily cultivar Jinlei No. 1 was systematically bred from natural variant offspring of Ma...In order to stagger the early harvest stage of daylily and critical busy summer farming season in Qingyang City, late-maturing daylily cultivar Jinlei No. 1 was systematically bred from natural variant offspring of Malian daylily. According to the results, late-maturing daylily eultivar Jinlei No. 1 exhibited good agro- nomic traits and strong resistance, The first day of harvest of Jinlei No. 1 was more than 10 d later compared with Malian daylily and Xian daylily ; harvest duration of Jinlei No. 1 was 4 d longer than Malian daylily and 5 d than Xian daylily; the yield of Jinlei No. 1 was improved by 3.41% and 5.16% compared with Malian daylily and Xian daylily, respectively. The cultivation of late-maturing daylily cuhivar Jinlei No. 1 can effectively avoid heavy economic losses caused by overlap period of early harvest of daylily and critical busy summer farming in Qingyang City.展开更多
As an emerging member of the two-dimensional(2D)material family,V_(2)CT_(X)MXene shows great potential in the application of lithium-ion capacitors(LICs)due to its unique structure and excellent electrical conductivit...As an emerging member of the two-dimensional(2D)material family,V_(2)CT_(X)MXene shows great potential in the application of lithium-ion capacitors(LICs)due to its unique structure and excellent electrical conductivity.However,severe nanosheets stacking and intra-layer transport barriers have limited the further development of V_(2)CT_(X)MXene-based materials.Herein,we prepared Kions and–O functional group co-modified V_(2)CT_(X)MXene(VCT-K)and further incorporated it with single-walled carbon nanotube(SWCNT),obtaining freestanding V_(2)CT_(X)composite films(VCT-K@C)with the 3D conductive network.Significantly,K+ions were introduced into V_(2)CT_(X)MXene to stabilize the interlayer structure and prevent the aggregation of nanosheets,the terminal group of–O was controllably modified on the surface of MXene to improve the Li+ions storage reversible capacities and the SWCNT acted as the bridge between MXene nanosheets to opens up the channels for ion/electron transportation in the longitudinal direction.Benefited from the synergistic effect of VCT-K and SWCNT,the VCT-K@C exhibits superior reversible specific capacities of 671.8 mA h g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)and 318 mA h g^(-1)at 1.0 A g^(-1).Furthermore,the assembled LICs with VCT-K@C anode coupling activated carbon(AC)cathode deliver an outstanding power density of 19.0 kW kg^(-1)at 67.4 Wh kg^(-1),a high energy density of 140.5 Wh kg^(-1)at 94.8 W kg^(-1)and a stable capacitance retention of 86%after 6000 cycles at 10 A g^(-1).Such unique structures and excellent electrochemical properties are expected to pave the way for the large-scale application in LICs of MXene-based materials.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tardive dyskinesia(TD)is a serious and disabling movement disorder;it impairs social function and quality of life and increases the mortality rate.TD is usually induced by the use of antipsychotic drugs;how...BACKGROUND Tardive dyskinesia(TD)is a serious and disabling movement disorder;it impairs social function and quality of life and increases the mortality rate.TD is usually induced by the use of antipsychotic drugs;however,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.Pharmacotherapy of TD includes cholinergic drugs,benzodiazepines,ginkgo biloba extract(GBE),antioxidants,amantadine,propanolol,botulinum toxin,valbenazine,and deutetrabenazine,whereas the non-pharmacotherapy approach includes modified electroconvulsive therapy(MECT)and deep brain stimulation.We successfully treated a chronic schizophrenia patient with comorbid long-term severe TD using deutetrabenazine,clozapine,and MECT.CASE SUMMARY A 69-year-old woman who was diagnosed as having schizophrenia 16 years ago developed severe TD after 6-mo prescription of risperidone oral solution.Her TD symptoms did not resolve despite various treatments,such as GBE,vitamin E,trihexyphenidyl,promethazine,benzodiazepines,and switching to quetiapine and olanzapine.After admission,she was given deutetrabenazine 6 mg bid.Her buccal tremor was slightly resolved 3 d later;however,her tongue remained protruded and could not be retracted.Quetiapine was switched to clozapine on day 4,and the buccal tremor remarkably resolved,and the tongue could be retracted into the mouth from day 6 onward.After three sessions of MECT,the buccal tremor resolved further.Since then,she has been able to take a semifluid diet,and her quality of life improved remarkably during 6 mo of follow-up.CONCLUSION TD is a serious condition which could be caused by antipsychotic medications;however,the best strategy against TD is prevention and monitoring during using antipsychotics.For patients with TD caused by antipsychotic medication use,multiple measures should be considered like switching to clozapine,adjunction with deutetrabenazine,or even MECT.展开更多
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial,No.GF22H093655Nonprofit Applied Research Project of Huzhou Science and Technology Bureau,2021GYB16.
文摘There are various types of traumatic stimuli,such as catastrophic events like wars,natural calamities like earthquakes,and personal trauma from physical and psychological neglect or abuse and sexual abuse.Traumatic events can be divided into type I and type II trauma,and their impacts on individuals depend not only on the severity and duration of the traumas but also on individuals’self-evaluation of the traumatic events.Individual stress reactions to trauma include posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD),complex PTSD and trauma-related depression.Trauma-related depression is a reactive depression with unclear pathology,and depression occurring due to trauma in the childhood has gained increasing attention,because it has persisted for a long time and does not respond to conventional antidepressants but shows good or partial response to psychotherapy,which is similar to the pattern observed for PTSD.Because trauma-related depression is associated with high risk of suicide and is chronic with a propensity to relapse,it is necessary to explore its pathogenesis and therapeutic strategy.
基金supported by the National Major Project of Research and Development,No.2022YFA1105500(to SZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81870975(to SZ)Innovation Program for Graduate Students in Jiangsu Province of China,No.KYCX223335(to MZ)。
文摘CD36 is a highly glycosylated integral membrane protein that belongs to the scavenger receptor class B family and regulates the pathological progress of metabolic diseases.CD36 was recently found to be widely expressed in various cell types in the nervous system,including endothelial cells,pericytes,astrocytes,and microglia.CD36 mediates a number of regulatory processes,such as endothelial dysfunction,oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction,and inflammatory responses,which are involved in many central nervous system diseases,such as stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and spinal cord injury.CD36 antagonists can suppress CD36 expression or prevent CD36 binding to its ligand,thereby achieving inhibition of CD36-mediated pathways or functions.Here,we reviewed the mechanisms of action of CD36 antagonists,such as Salvianolic acid B,tanshinone IIA,curcumin,sulfosuccinimidyl oleate,antioxidants,and small-molecule compounds.Moreover,we predicted the structures of binding sites between CD36 and antagonists.These sites can provide targets for more efficient and safer CD36 antagonists for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
基金supported in part by NIH Grant CA191207 and CA277037(L.Z.Li)AG078814 and CA259635(D.Wallace)and DOD Grant W81XWH2210561(D.Wallace).
文摘Adenine nucleotide translocator(ANT)is a mitochondrial protein involved in the exchange of ADP and ATP across the mitochondrial inner membrane.It plays a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism by facilitating the transport of ATP synthesized within the mitochondria to the cytoplasm.The isoform ANT1 predominately expresses in cardiac and skeletal muscles.Mutations or dysregulation in ANT1 have been implicated in various mitochondrial disorders and neuromuscular diseases.We aimed to examine whether ANT1 deletion may affect mitochondrial redox state in our established ANT1-de-cient mice.Hearts and quadriceps resected from age-matched wild type(WT)and ANT1-de-cient mice were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen.The Chance redox scanner was utilized to perform 3D optical redox imaging.Each sample underwent scanning across 3–5 sections.Global averaging analysis showed no signi-cant differences in the redox indices(NADH,flavin adenine dinucleotide containing-flavoproteins Fp,and the redox ratio Fp/(NADH+Fp)between WT and ANT1-de-cient groups.However,quadriceps had higher Fp than hearts in both groups(p¼0:0004 and 0.01,respectively).Furthermore,the quadriceps were also more oxidized(a higher redox ratio)than hearts in WT group(p¼0:004).NADH levels were similar in all cases.Our data suggest that under non-stressful physical condition,the ANT1-de-cient muscle cells were in the same mitochondrial state as WT ones and that the signi-cant difference in the mitochondrial redox state between quadriceps and hearts found in WT might be diminished in ANT1-de-cient ones.Redox imaging of muscles under physical stress can be conducted in future.
文摘BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-associated dementia(HAD)is a subcortical form of dementia characterized by memory deficits and psychomotor slowing.However,HAD often presents with symptoms similar to those of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD),particularly in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS).CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 54-year-old male who exhibited cognitive dysfunction and secondary behavioral changes following HIV infection and suspected prion exposure.The patient was diagnosed with HIV during hospitalization and his cerebrospinal fluid tested positive for 14-3-3 proteins.His electroencephalogram showed a borderline-abnormal periodic triphasic wave pattern.Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed moderate encephalatrophy and demyelination.Initially,symptomatic treatment and administration of amantadine were pursued for presumed CJD,but the patient’s condition continued to deteriorate.By contrast,the patient’s condition improved following anti-HIV therapy.This individual is also the only patient with this prognosis to have survived over 4 years.Thus,the diagnosis was revised to HAD.CONCLUSION In the diagnostic process of rapidly progressive dementia,it is crucial to rule out as many potential causes as possible and to consider an autopsy to diminish diagnostic uncertainty.The 14-3-3 protein should not be regarded as the definitive marker for CJD.Comprehensive laboratory screening for infectious diseases is essential to enhance diagnostic precision,especially in AIDS patients with potential CJD.Ultimately,a trial of diagnostic treatment may be considered when additional testing is not feasible.
文摘SAR图像舰船目标检测时,因近海岸港口存在着复杂背景的问题,以至于重叠舰船目标无法被准确提取特征信息,造成近海岸的舰船目标出现漏检、误检的情况.针对以上问题,提出一种复杂场景下的SAR图像舰船检测算法,该算法基于YOLOv5进行改进,采用SPPF结构加强提取特征信息,并融合原YOLOv5的SPP结构提取的特征信息,这种多级金字塔模块并列融合的方式能有效的检测多尺度舰船目标,使特征信息更好的表达;然后将原模型中的GIOU改进为CIOU,使其可以准确的回归出预测框的位置;最终为了更合理的筛选高于阈值的预测框,改进NMS(Non-Maximum-Suppression),采用Soft-NMS方法去惩罚衰减高于阈值的边框得分,合理的去除预测框.试验结果表明,该文改进的模型相比于原模型在SSDD、SAR-Ship-Dataset数据集上的mAP(mean Average Precision)提高了5.15%和5.06%,改进模型能有效检测近海岸中复杂背景下的SAR图像舰船目标.
基金Supported by National Spark Project of China(2012GA860011)Spark Project of Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Department(S2012G100009)
文摘In order to stagger the early harvest stage of daylily and critical busy summer farming season in Qingyang City, late-maturing daylily cultivar Jinlei No. 1 was systematically bred from natural variant offspring of Malian daylily. According to the results, late-maturing daylily eultivar Jinlei No. 1 exhibited good agro- nomic traits and strong resistance, The first day of harvest of Jinlei No. 1 was more than 10 d later compared with Malian daylily and Xian daylily ; harvest duration of Jinlei No. 1 was 4 d longer than Malian daylily and 5 d than Xian daylily; the yield of Jinlei No. 1 was improved by 3.41% and 5.16% compared with Malian daylily and Xian daylily, respectively. The cultivation of late-maturing daylily cuhivar Jinlei No. 1 can effectively avoid heavy economic losses caused by overlap period of early harvest of daylily and critical busy summer farming in Qingyang City.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22005167 and 21905152)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.ZR2020QB125 and ZR2020MB045)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2021M693256,2021T140687 and 2022M713249)the Qingdao Postdoctoral Applied Research Project and the Youth Innovation Team Project for Talent Introduction and Cultivation in Universities of Shandong Province。
文摘As an emerging member of the two-dimensional(2D)material family,V_(2)CT_(X)MXene shows great potential in the application of lithium-ion capacitors(LICs)due to its unique structure and excellent electrical conductivity.However,severe nanosheets stacking and intra-layer transport barriers have limited the further development of V_(2)CT_(X)MXene-based materials.Herein,we prepared Kions and–O functional group co-modified V_(2)CT_(X)MXene(VCT-K)and further incorporated it with single-walled carbon nanotube(SWCNT),obtaining freestanding V_(2)CT_(X)composite films(VCT-K@C)with the 3D conductive network.Significantly,K+ions were introduced into V_(2)CT_(X)MXene to stabilize the interlayer structure and prevent the aggregation of nanosheets,the terminal group of–O was controllably modified on the surface of MXene to improve the Li+ions storage reversible capacities and the SWCNT acted as the bridge between MXene nanosheets to opens up the channels for ion/electron transportation in the longitudinal direction.Benefited from the synergistic effect of VCT-K and SWCNT,the VCT-K@C exhibits superior reversible specific capacities of 671.8 mA h g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)and 318 mA h g^(-1)at 1.0 A g^(-1).Furthermore,the assembled LICs with VCT-K@C anode coupling activated carbon(AC)cathode deliver an outstanding power density of 19.0 kW kg^(-1)at 67.4 Wh kg^(-1),a high energy density of 140.5 Wh kg^(-1)at 94.8 W kg^(-1)and a stable capacitance retention of 86%after 6000 cycles at 10 A g^(-1).Such unique structures and excellent electrochemical properties are expected to pave the way for the large-scale application in LICs of MXene-based materials.
基金Science and Technology Program of Huzhou City,No.2023GYB32.
文摘BACKGROUND Tardive dyskinesia(TD)is a serious and disabling movement disorder;it impairs social function and quality of life and increases the mortality rate.TD is usually induced by the use of antipsychotic drugs;however,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.Pharmacotherapy of TD includes cholinergic drugs,benzodiazepines,ginkgo biloba extract(GBE),antioxidants,amantadine,propanolol,botulinum toxin,valbenazine,and deutetrabenazine,whereas the non-pharmacotherapy approach includes modified electroconvulsive therapy(MECT)and deep brain stimulation.We successfully treated a chronic schizophrenia patient with comorbid long-term severe TD using deutetrabenazine,clozapine,and MECT.CASE SUMMARY A 69-year-old woman who was diagnosed as having schizophrenia 16 years ago developed severe TD after 6-mo prescription of risperidone oral solution.Her TD symptoms did not resolve despite various treatments,such as GBE,vitamin E,trihexyphenidyl,promethazine,benzodiazepines,and switching to quetiapine and olanzapine.After admission,she was given deutetrabenazine 6 mg bid.Her buccal tremor was slightly resolved 3 d later;however,her tongue remained protruded and could not be retracted.Quetiapine was switched to clozapine on day 4,and the buccal tremor remarkably resolved,and the tongue could be retracted into the mouth from day 6 onward.After three sessions of MECT,the buccal tremor resolved further.Since then,she has been able to take a semifluid diet,and her quality of life improved remarkably during 6 mo of follow-up.CONCLUSION TD is a serious condition which could be caused by antipsychotic medications;however,the best strategy against TD is prevention and monitoring during using antipsychotics.For patients with TD caused by antipsychotic medication use,multiple measures should be considered like switching to clozapine,adjunction with deutetrabenazine,or even MECT.
