Global gene expression profiling of perirenal brown adipose tissue whitening in goat kids reveals novel genes linked to adipose remodeling

Background Brown adipose tissue(BAT)is known to be capable of non-shivering thermogenesis under cold stimulation,which is related to the mortality of animals.In the previous study,we observed that goat BAT is mainly located around the kidney at birth,and changes to white adipose tissue(WAT)in the perirenal adipose tissue of goats within one month after birth.However,the regulatory factors underlying this change is remain unclear.In this study,we systematically studied the perirenal adipose tissue of goat kids in histological,cytological,and accompanying molecular level changes from 0 to 28 d after birth.Results Our study found a higher mortality rate in winter-born goat kids,with goat birthing data statistics.Then we used thermal imaging revealing high temperature in goat hips at postnatal 0 d and gradually decrease during 28 d.This is consistent with the region of perirenal BAT deposition and highlights its critical role in energy expenditure and body temperature regulation in goat kids.Additionally,we found a series of changes of BAT during the first 28 d after birth,such as whitening,larger lipid droplets,decreased mitochondrial numbers,and down-regulation of key thermogenesis-related genes(UCP1,DIO2,UCP2,CIDEA,PPARGC1a,C/EBPb,and C/EBPa).Then,we used RNA-seq found specific marker genes for goat adipose tissue and identified 12 new marker genes for BAT and 10 new marker genes for WAT of goats.Furthermore,12 candidate genes were found to potentially regulate goat BAT thermogenesis.The mechanism of the change of this biological phenomenon does not involve a large-scale death of brown adipocytes and subsequent proliferation of white adipocytes.While apoptosis may play a limited role,it is largely not critical in this transition process.Conclusions We concluded that perirenal BAT plays a crucial role in thermoregulation in newborn goat kids,with notable species differences in the expression of adipose tissue marker genes,and we highlighted some potential marker genes for goat BAT and WAT.Additionally,the change from BAT to WAT does not involve a large-scale death of brown adipocytes and subsequent proliferation of white adipocytes.

Measurement of the neutron-induced total cross sections of ^(nat)Pb from 0.3 eV to 20 MeV on the Back-n at CSNS

The neutron-induced total cross sections of natural lead have been measured in a wide energy range(0.3 eV-20 MeV)on the back-streaming white neutron beamline(Back-n)at the China Spallation Neutron Source.Neutron energy was determined by the neutron total cross-section spectrometer using the time-of-flight technique.A fast multi-cell fission chamber was used as the neutron detector,and a 10-mm-thick high-purity natural lead sample was employed for the neutron transmission measurements.The on-beam background was determined using Co,In,Ag,and Cd filters.The excitation function of ^(nat)Pb(n,tot)reaction below 20 MeV was calculated using the TALYS-1.96 nuclear-reaction modeling program.The present results were compared with previous results,the evaluated data available in the five major evaluated nuclear data libraries(i.e.,ENDF/B-VIII.0,JEFF-3.3,JENDL-5,CENDL-3.2,and BROND-3.1),and the theoretical calculation curve.Good agreement was found between the new results and those of previous experiments and with the theoretical curves in the corresponding region.This measurement obtained the neutron total cross section of natural lead with good accuracy over a wide energy range and added experimental data in the resonance energy range.This provides more reliable experimental data for nuclear engineering design and nuclear data evaluation of lead.

Mechanism analysis of regulating Turing instability and Hopf bifurcation of malware propagation in mobile wireless sensor networks

A dynamical model is constructed to depict the spatial-temporal evolution of malware in mobile wireless sensor networks(MWSNs). Based on such a model, we design a hybrid control scheme combining parameter perturbation and state feedback to effectively manipulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of malware propagation. The hybrid control can not only suppress the Turing instability caused by diffusion factor but can also adjust the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation induced by time delay. Numerical simulation results show that the hybrid control strategy can efficiently manipulate the transmission dynamics to achieve our expected desired properties, thus reducing the harm of malware propagation to MWSNs.

贵州望谟地区新发现早三叠世化石库

望谟生物群是我国西南部贵州省望谟地区新发现的一个早三叠世化石库,化石主要产自下三叠统罗楼组一段的薄层状泥岩、微晶灰岩之中。该化石库以菊石和节肢动物为特色,伴有双壳、箭石、腕足、牙形类、鱼类、微康奇虫,以及一些分类不明的化石类型,其时代为早三叠世印度期迪纳尔晚期(Late Dienerian)至奥伦尼克期史密斯早期(Early Smithian)。该生物群化石保存精美、数量丰富,生物种类多样,显示经历了二叠纪末生物大绝灭事件后,望谟地区在早三叠世已经具有一个复杂的海洋生态系统,为我们更全面了解早三叠世海洋生物多样性和生物复苏提供了一个新的窗口。

Rapid bioluminescence assay for monitoring rat CES1 activity and its alteration by traditional Chinese medicines

In traditional Chinese medicine herbs(TCM),including Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae(Danshen),Radix Puerariae Lobatae(Gegen),Radix Angelicae Sinensis(Danggui),and Rhizoma Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong)are widely used for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and also often co-administered with Western drugs as a part of integrative medicine practice.Carboxylesterase 1(CES1)plays a pivotal role in the metabolisms of pro-drugs,Since(S)-2-(2-(6-dimethylamino)-benzothiazole)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylate(NLMe)has recently been identified by us as a selective CES1 bioluminescent sensor,we developed a rapid method using this substrate for the direct measurement of CES1 activity in rats.This bioluminescence assay was applied to determine CES1 activity in rat tissues after a two-week oral administration of each of the four herbs noted above.The results demonstrated the presence of CES1 enzyme in rat blood and all tested tissues with much higher enzyme activity in the blood,liver,kidney and heart than that in the small intestine,spleen,lung,pancreas,brain and stomach.In addition,the four herbs showed tissue-specific effects on rat CES1 expression.Based on the CES1 biodistribution and its changes after treatment in rats,the possibility that Danshen,Gegen and Danggui might alter CES1 activities in human blood and kidney should be considered.In summary,a selective and sensitive bioluminescence assay was developed to rapidly evaluate CES1 activity and the effects of orally administered TCMs in rats.

Effects of hemoperfusion and hemofiltration combination on treating patients with acute organophosphours pesticide poisoning and influence of it on cholinesterase, dopamine and inflammatory factors

Objective:To investigate effects of hemoperfusion and hemofiltration combination on treating patients with acute organophosphours pesticide poisoning (AOPP) and influence of it on cholinesterase, dopamine and inflammatory factors.Methods:A total of 82 cases of AOPP patients treated in our hospital from Sep 2012 to Jul 2016 were selected as subjects. They were randomly divided to be the observation group and the control group, 41 cases for each. For patients in observation group, combined therapy of hemoperfusion (HP) and hemofiltration (HF) were provided. For patients in control group, combined therapy of HP and hemodialysis (HD) were provided. Effects on the two groups of patients were compared. Meanwhile, cholinesterase, dopamine and inflammatory factors levels in different times before and after treatment were compared.Results:Consciousness improvement times and hospitalization times in observation group were significantly lower than in control group. No significant difference showed on fatality rates between the two groups. Before treatment, no significant difference showed on CHE and DE levels between two groups of patients;6 h and 12 h after treatment, CHE average levels in two groups were significantly higher than before treatment in the same group, and levels in observation group at the same phase were significantly higher than in control group;6 h and 12 h after treatment, DA levels in observation group were significantly lower than the same group before treatment, and significantly lower than control group, while 12 h after treatment, DA levels in control group were significantly lower than the same group before treatment. Before treatment, no significant difference showed on serum TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 between two groups of patients. After treatment, each index levels in two groups were significantly lower than the same group before treatment, and levels in observation group at the same phase were significantly lower than control group. Conclusion:Effects of blood purification therapy on treating AOPP were worth approving, but effects of HP and HF combined therapy were more significant. In addition, improvement of HP+HF on CHE, DA and inflammatory factors were better than HP+HD.

Surgical treatment for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma:Current status and challenges

Primary liver cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and was the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide in 2020.It includes hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)(representing 75%-85%of cases),intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(representing 10%-15%of cases),and other rare types.The survival rate of patients with HCC has risen with improved surgical technology and perioperative management in recent years;however,high tumor recurrence rates continue to limit long-term survival,even after radical surgical resection(exceeding 50%recurrence).For resectable recurrent liver cancer,surgical removal[either salvage liver transplantation(SLT)or repeat hepatic resection]remains the most effective therapy that is potentially curative for recurrent HCC.Thus,here,we introduce surgical treatment for recurrent HCC.Areas Covered:A literature search was performed for recurrent HCC using Medline and PubMed up to August 2022.Expert commentary:In general,long-term survival after the reresection of recurrent liver cancer is usually beneficial.SLT has equivalent outcomes to primary liver transplantation for unresectable recurrent illness in a selected group of patients;however,SLT is constrained by the supply of liver grafts.SLT seems to be inferior to repeat liver resection when considering operative and postoperative results but has the major advantage of disease-free survival.When considering the similar overall survival rate and the current situation of donor shortages,repeat liver resection remains an important option for recurrent HCC.

The “No-touch” technique improves the survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinomas treated by liver transplantation: A single-center prospective randomized controlled trial

Background:Liver transplantation(LT)is the best treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the surgical technique needs to be improved.The present study aimed to evaluate the“no-touch”technique in LT.Methods:From January 2018 to December 2019,we performed a prospective randomized controlled trial on HCC patients who underwent LT.The patients were randomized into two groups:a no-touch technique LT group(NT group,n=38)and a conventional LT technique group(CT group,n=46).Operative outcomes and survival in the two groups were analyzed.Results:The perioperative parameters were comparable between the two groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in disease-free survival(DFS)(P=0.732)or overall survival(OS)(P=0.891).Of 36 patients who were beyond the Hangzhou criteria for LT,the DFS of the patients in the NT group was significantly longer than that in the CT group(median 402 vs.126 days,P=0.025).In 31 patients who had portal vein tumor thrombosis(PVTT),DFS and OS in the NT group were significantly better than those in the CT group(median DFS 420 vs.167 days,P=0.022;2-year OS rate 93.8%vs.66.7%,P=0.043).In 14 patients who had diffuse-type HCCs,DFS and OS were significantly better in the NT group than those in the CT group(median DFS 141 vs.56 days,P=0.008;2-year OS rate 75.0%vs.33.3%,P=0.034).Multivariate analysis showed that for patients with PVTT and diffusetype HCCs,the no-touch technique was an independent favorable factor for OS(PVTT:HR=0.018,95%CI:0.001-0.408,P=0.012;diffuse-type HCCs:HR=0.034,95%CI:0.002-0.634,P=0.024).Conclusions:The no-touch technique improved the survival of patients with advanced HCC compared with the conventional technique.The no-touch technique may provide a new and effective LT technique for advanced HCCs.

新元古代末期高家山生物群的生态多样性

新元古代末期是生命演化的关键转折期,也是以微生物占主导的生态系统向显生宙以后生动物占主导的生态系统的转变期,埃迪卡拉纪大型软躯体生物以固着、底栖、食悬浮为特色,普遍缺乏运动能力。作为这一时期特殊代表的高家山生物群,是目前新元古代唯一一个以黄铁矿化三维保存的管状和锥管状化石为主导,兼有骨骼生物、原生动物、钙化蓝细菌类及遗迹化石的多门类生物组合,是研究埃迪卡拉纪末期生命演化和生态系统演变十分重要的载体。本文通过对高家山生物群古生态学的初步研究,揭示出在前寒武纪—寒武纪之交,生态系统已显示一定的多样性。为适应平底面上(level-bottom)微生物席的发育,高家山生物群的许多生物采取了适应性的生存策略,通过黏附或插入微生物席中,营底栖固着食悬浮(如Cloudina、Conotubus)或化学共生(可能的Shaanxilithes)或平躺(如Gaojiashania和Sinotubulites)食碎屑生活。底内遗迹化石表明存在可能的表栖和半内栖、可自由运动、食碎屑的造迹生物。Conotubus中常见的“回春”或“复苏”现象,Gaojiashania和Sinotubulites的身体扭转或生活姿态调整则是对频繁风暴事件的被动适应。

埃迪卡拉纪末期管状动物的“大辐射”

“寒武纪大爆发”是生物演化史上最重要的事件之一,现生动物的绝大多数门类在短短的两千万年的时间里“突然”出现,这一事件奠定了显生宙生物演化的基础。普遍认为以软躯体为代表的埃迪卡拉生物群是生命进化中“失败”的尝试,与显生宙生物之间没有明确的亲缘关系。文中通过对新元古代管状化石记录的系统梳理,基于对高家山生物群中大量管状动物化石类群如Cloudina,Sinotubulites,Conotubus,Gaojiashania,Shaanxilithes及可能的Anabarites等的较为系统的厘定和形态学复原,提出在埃迪卡拉纪,与典型埃迪卡拉软躯体生物群演化相对应,在新元古代末期,早期动物的进化史上存在着管状动物的大辐射,它们形态复杂,生物构型多样,个体大小差异悬殊,生活方式繁杂,代表了地球生命史上一次重大的生物革新事件,并且其中部分生物成为寒武演化生物群的先驱。该文将这一辐射演化事件称为管状动物的“大辐射”,它开启了显生宙生命演化的序幕。

两台带服务等级的可拒绝同型机排序问题的在线算法

两台同型机M_1,M_2,加工速度一致,但拥有不同的加工能力,用其服务等级表示,M_1的服务等级为1,M_2的服务等级为2.工件j按列表在线到达,每个工件带有三个参数:长度t_j,等级g_j=1或2,罚值p_j.当j到达时,可以被拒绝,但要付出相应的罚值p_j,也可以被接受并分配给服务等级不超过该工件等级的机器加工,事实上等级为1的工件只能分给M_1加工,等级为2的工件可以分给M_1或M_2加工,加工不允许中断.目标为极小化加工工件集的最晚完工时间(makespan)和拒绝工件集的总罚值之和.对于该问题给出了一个在线算法,其竞争比为11/6,以及问题一个下界5/3.

益精方介导PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路调控自噬抑制Leydig细胞凋亡的体外实验研究

目的:从益精方通过调控小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞自噬与凋亡的方式,探索益精方改善少弱精子症患者精子质量的作用机制。方法:用100μmol/L的丙烯醛(ACR)诱导小鼠Leydig细胞(TM3)氧化应激模型,然后分别用5%、10%和20%的益精方含药血清处理TM3细胞,将TM3细胞分成正常对照组,模型组,益精方低、中、高剂量组。利用CCK-8法检测TM3细胞活率,Real-time PCR和Western印迹检测自噬/凋亡相关基因Beclin-1、Bcl-2、LC3-II及相关信号通路基因PI3K/Akt/mTOR mRNA及蛋白变化情况。结果:ACR诱导后,TM3细胞生长受到抑制(生存率为54%);与正常对照组比较,MDA含量明显增加(P<0.01),T-AOC、SOD含量显著降低(P<0.01);mTOR mRNA明显增多(P<0.01),p-PI3K/p-Akt蛋白相对表达量明显下调(P<0.05);Beclin-1、LC3II mRNA及蛋白相对表达量均显著增多(P<0.01),Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白相对表达量明显减少(P<0.01、P<0.05);给予益精方含药血清后,上述指标均发生不同程度的逆转变化,且具有一定的剂量依赖关系。结论:益精方能够抵抗氧化应激,可介导PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路调控自噬抑制Leydig细胞凋亡,从而改善少弱精子症的精子质量。

论“宗气不足”与勃起功能障碍

“宗气”是中医学重要的概念之一。“宗气理论”被广泛应用于多种临床疾病的治疗。通过文献挖掘、理论研究以及临证观察,“宗气”在男性勃起功能上也发挥着重要作用。生殖活动作为人体重要生命活动之一,与元气盛衰联系紧密。宗气根于元气、反哺元气,助元气滋养全身,维持正常生命活动。宗气贯心脉以行气血,走息道以行呼吸,统领全身诸气血脉,对人体气血正常运行至关重要,能保障阴茎的气血灌注和濡养。宗气主司人体“视、听、言、动”等多种运动、感觉功能,能振作精神和心思脑力,有助性唤起,维持性兴奋。对于有“宗气不足”表现的勃起功能障碍患者,可从调补宗气入手,以张锡纯《医学衷中参西录》“升陷汤”为基础方,随证辅以化痰祛浊、健脾益气、补肾填精等方药进行治疗。

安徽扬子鳄野生栖息地水域浮游和底栖动物调查及其与扬子鳄种群分布关系探讨

2017年4月—2017年9月对安徽扬子鳄国家级自然保护区长乐保护点、红星保护点和高井庙放归区浮游动物和底栖动物群落生态进行调查研究,共检测出底栖动物3门11种,浮游动物包括原生动物、轮虫、枝角类、桡足类,共检出17科34种。分析结果表明扬子鳄活动期春夏季节浮游生物种类组成的变化趋势不同,但从整体来看,扬子鳄活动期底栖动物组成以环节动物和软体动物为主,浮游动物以轮虫为主。浮游生物量在活动期不同季节波动较大,表现为夏季>春季,而同一季节浮游动物和底栖动物的生物量变化不大。扬子鳄保护区春夏季浮游动物多样性指数变化较大,而丰富度指数d在不同季节变化不大,大多数在0. 8~2. 3之间,均匀度指数J在0. 7~0. 9之间。综合判定,浮游动物和底栖动物群落结构和组成相对稳定,通过生物多样性和相关性分析,该生态群落与扬子鳄在保护点塘口分布的数量有一定的相关性。

从“调补宗气”论治阳痿

阳痿是男性常见的性功能障碍,其发病率逐年上升,西医治疗阳痿的一线药物仍为5型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂,兼有手术、物理治疗等多种治疗方式,大部分患者可从中受益,但对患者的整体状态关注不足,难以满足标本兼治需求。中医多从肝、肾为中心论治本病,阳痿亦与宗气密切相关。宗气为“气之宗主”,具有“贯心肺,行呼吸”及“资养先天元气”的生理功能,能够调节人体气血、脏腑、经络、形神,在维持阴茎的正常勃起上起着重要作用。因此从“调补宗气”论治阳痿可丰富中医治疗阳痿的理论,并为临床辨治提供新策略。

胡氏贵州龙新生个体形态学特征

本文观察并测量了中三叠世拉丁期兴义动物群中的12件包含胚胎的胡氏贵州龙化石及已产出的49个幼体胡氏贵州龙标本;对成年个体与新生个体的体长、肱骨长、股骨长与眼眶长径的特定性状比率关系进行了统计分析;展示了成年个体、胚胎及幼年个体的特征差异,首次描述了胡氏贵州龙新生个体形态学特征;定量刻画了胡氏贵州龙新生个体的头骨、颈椎、背椎、荐椎、尾椎和四肢,获得了更完整、精确的解剖学信息。新材料揭示胡氏贵州龙新生个体的头骨平均长度为8.56mm,肱骨明显短于股骨,肱股比例为1∶1.09。头部呈饱满的三角形,吻部短而钝,眼眶大而圆,具有独特的狭长型上颞孔。此外,研究发现胡氏贵州龙的生产方式为胎儿头部首先从母体产道产出,同时新生个体的吻—臀距稳定在31.04~32.26mm这个数值范围内,且该数值的变动与母体大小无直接联系。本次研究为胡氏贵州龙的生殖方式、个体发育、特别是异速生长研究提供了新的材料。

氰化给体中分子间相互作用促进的全小分子光伏混合物的超快电子转移

氰基取代被认为是优化全小分子有机太阳能电池性能的可行方法.然而,氰基取代对太阳能电池中电荷产生动力学的影响仍未得到探索.本文光谱研究表明,在全小分子太阳能电池中,氰化给体中增强的分子间电荷转移相互作用会显著促进共混物中的电子转移.实验发现,在氰基取代给体中,分子间相互作用引起的离域激发,在混合物中会进行超快电子转移.相比之下,在没有氰基取代的给体中剩余的局域激发态,并没有积极参与电荷分离.此发现很好地解释了为何氰化取代给体的共混物器件的性能会得到提升,表明可以通过调控分子间相互作用、来优化全小分子器件性能.

Effects of supervised movie appreciation on the improvement of college students’ life meaning sense

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of supervised movie appreciation on improving the life meaning sense among college students. The intervention combined by “pre-video, post counseling” was conducted on the experimental group, while the control group received no intervention. Results have shown that the scores on the subscales of will to meaning, life purpose, life control, suffer acceptance and on the total scale have improved significantly. No gender difference was found on the intervention effect, and participants receiving intervention maintained higher level on related subscales a week later, indicating that supervised movie appreciation is an effective way to improve the life meaning sense among college students.

Characteristics and distribution of low molecular weight organic acids in the sediment porewaters in Bosten Lake, China

The composition and vertical profiles of low molecular-weight organic acids （LMWOAs） and the contribution of them to dissolved organic matter （DOM） in sediment porewaters in Bosten Lake, Xinjiang, China were investigated. The results showed that total concentration of LMWOAs was up to 94.5 μmol/L and their proportion in DOM was 5.6%, suggesting that LMWOAs were important chemical components in DOM in lake sediment porewaters. Among the seven LMWOAs, pyruvic and acetic acid had the highest concentrations with 26.30 and 8.31 μmol/L, accounting for 51.4% and 14.92% of LMWOAs, respectively. Trifluoroacetic and sorbic acid had the lowest concentrations, indicating that the compositions of LMWOAs in relative reducing environments were largely different from those reported in glacier, atmosphere and soils. The concentrations of lactic, acetic, formic, sorbic and oxalic acid decreased with increasing depth, probably relating to stronger microbial activities in the initial stage of early diagenesis. Trifluoroacetic acid was mainly anthropogenic with its concentration, showing a diusive trend from the surface to bottom sediments. The concentrations of lactic acid and nitrate generally showed a consistent profile. The increasing concentration of pyruvic acid in the vertical profile was just opposite to that of sulfate, revealing a significant negative relationship between them. Oxalic acid remained constant except for an obvious peak at 6 cm depth. The results indicated the diversities in sources and behaviors for various LMWOAs during early diagenesis in sediments.

Highly effective direct synthesis of DMC from CH_3OH and CO_2 using novel Cu-Ni/C bimetallic composite catalysts

Novel Cu-Ni/C has been prepared and utilized as an efficient catalyst system in direct synthesis of DMC from CH3OH and CO2.