Curcumin inhibits colorectal cancer development by blocking the YAP/TAZ signaling axis

Background:Curcumin is a plant polyphenol with antitumor properties and inhibits the development of colorectal cancer(CRC).However,as the molecular mechanism associated is still unclear,our study aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms by which curcumin inhibits CRC.Methods:HT29 and SW480 cells were treated with curcumin or/and Doxycycline(DOX),and cell viability,colony forming ability,migration and invasion were confirmed by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),colony forming,Transwell assays.And Yes-associated protein 1(YAP)and PDZ-binding motif(TAZ)signaling-related genes or proteins were analyzed using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR),western blot,and immunofluorescence assays.Then nude mice xenograft tumor model was constructed,YAP and Ki67 expressions were tested by immunohistochemistry(IHC)staining.Results:In our study,we proved that curcumin significantly inhibited the CRC cell viability,cell migration,and cell invasion abilities.In addition,curcumin inhibited YAP and Transcriptional coactivator with TAZ or the YAP/TAZ signaling axis in CRC cells.Further,in the nude mice model,curcumin treatment significantly decreased the size and weight of xenotransplant tumors.Conclusion:Therefore,curcumin significantly inhibited CRC development and invasion by regulating the YAP/TAZ signaling axis.

Exosomes-the enigmatic regulators of bone homeostasis

Exosomes are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures, which mediate crosstalk interaction between cells.Recent studies have revealed a close relationship between exosomes and bone homeostasis. It is suggested that bone cells can spontaneously secret exosomes containing proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, which then to regulate osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis. However, the network of regulatory activities of exosomes in bone homeostasis as well as their therapeutic potential in bone injury remain largely unknown. This review will detail and discuss the characteristics of exosomes, the regulatory activities of exosomes in bone homeostasis as well as the clinical potential of exosomes in bone injury.

Novel hybrid biocomposites for tendon grafts:The addition of silk to polydioxanone and poly(lactide-co-caprolactone)enhances material properties,in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility

Biopolymers play a critical role as scaffolds used in tendon and ligament(TL)regeneration.Although advanced biopolymer materials have been proposed with optimised mechanical properties,biocompatibility,degradation,and processability,it is still challenging to find the right balance between these properties.Here,we aim to develop novel hybrid biocomposites based on poly(p-dioxanone)(PDO),poly(lactide-co-caprolactone)(LCL)and silk to produce high-performance grafts suitable for TL tissue repair.Biocomposites containing 1-15%of silk were studied through a range of characterisation techniques.We then explored biocompatibility through in vitro and in vivo studies using a mouse model.We found that adding up to 5%silk increases the tensile properties,degradation rate and miscibility between PDO and LCL phases without agglomeration of silk inside the composites.Furthermore,addition of silk increases surface roughness and hydrophilicity.In vitro experiments show that the silk improved attachment of tendon-derived stem cells and proliferation over 72 h,while in vivo studies indicate that the silk can reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines after six weeks of implantation.Finally,we selected a promising biocomposite and created a prototype TL graft based on extruded fibres.We found that the tensile properties of both individual fibres and braided grafts could be suitable for anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)repair applications.

Natural,synthetic and commercially-available biopolymers used to regenerate tendons and ligaments

Tendon and ligament(TL)injuries affect millions of people annually.Biopolymers play a significant role in TL tissue repair,whether the treatment relies on tissue engineering strategies or using artificial tendon grafts.The biopolymer governs the mechanical properties,biocompatibility,degradation,and fabrication method of the TL scaffold.Many natural,synthetic and hybrid biopolymers have been studied in TL regeneration,often combined with therapeutic agents and minerals to engineer novel scaffold systems.However,most of the advanced biopolymers have not advanced to clinical use yet.Here,we aim to review recent biopolymers and discuss their features for TL tissue engineering.After introducing the properties of the native tissue,we discuss different types of natural,synthetic and hybrid biopolymers used in TL tissue engineering.Then,we review biopolymers used in commercial absorbable and non-absorbable TL grafts.Finally,we explain the challenges and future directions for the development of novel biopolymers in TL regenerative treatment.

基于邻苯二胺氧化反应的生物分子比色/荧光探针

邻苯二胺(OPD)易被多种氧化剂氧化生成黄色荧光物质2,3-二氨基吩嗪(OPDox),这一独特响应机制为反应型比色/荧光探针的设计提供了思路。基于OPD氧化反应的比色/荧光探针已被广泛应用于金属离子和有机小分子的检测中。近年来,由于该类探针灵敏度高、响应速度快、抗干扰能力强,在对细胞和组织内生物分子的识别方面备受青睐。本文综述了近年来(2014~2021年)基于OPD氧化反应的比色/荧光探针对生物硫醇、活性氧、尿酸、酶、抗原等重要生物分子检测的研究进展,并对此类探针的应用问题和发展前景进行了评述。

Intercellular mitochondrial transfer as a means of tissue revitalization

As the crucial powerhouse for cell metabolism and tissue survival,the mitochondrion frequently undergoes morphological or positional changes when responding to various stresses and energy demands.In addition to intracellular changes,mitochondria can also be transferred intercellularly.Besides restoring stressed cells and damaged tissues due to mitochondrial dysfunction,the intercellular mitochondrial transfer also occurs under physiological conditions.In this review,the phenomenon of mitochondrial transfer is described according to its function under both physiological and pathological conditions,including tissue homeostasis,damaged tissue repair,tumor progression,and immunoregulation.Then,the mechanisms that contribute to this process are summarized,such as the trigger factors and transfer routes.Furthermore,various perspectives are explored to better understand the mysteries of cell-cell mitochondrial trafficking.In addition,potential therapeutic strategies for mitochondria-targeted application to rescue tissue damage and degeneration,as well as the inhibition of tumor progression,are discussed.