Bifunctional TiO_(2-x)nanofibers enhanced gel polymer electrolyte for high performance lithium metal batteries

Exploration of advanced gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)represents a viable strategy for mitigating dendritic lithium(Li)growth,which is crucial in ensuring the safe operation of high energy density Li metal batteries(LMBs).Despite this,the application of GPEs is still hindered by inadequate ionic conductivity,low Li^(+)transference number,and subpar physicochemical properties.Herein,Ti O_(2-x)nanofibers(NF)with oxygen vacancy defects were synthesized by a one-step process as inorganic fillers to enhance the thermal/mechanical/ionic-transportation performances of composite GPEs.Various characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the oxygen vacancies on the surface of Ti O_(2-x)NF accelerate the dissociation of Li PF_6,promote the rapid transfer of free Li^(+),and influence the formation of Li F-enriched solid electrolyte interphase.Consequently,the composite GPEs demonstrate enhanced ionic conductivity(1.90m S cm^(-1)at room temperature),higher lithium-ion transference number(0.70),wider electrochemical stability window(5.50 V),superior mechanical strength,excellent thermal stability(210℃),and improved compatibility with lithium,resulting in superior cycling stability and rate performance in both Li||Li,Li||Li Fe PO_(4),and Li||Li Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)cells.Overall,the synergistic influence of nanofiber morphology and enriched oxygen vacancy structure of fillers on electrochemical properties of composite GPEs is comprehensively investigated,thus,it is anticipated to shed new light on designing high-performance GPEs LMBs.

Hyphae-mediated bioassembly of carbon fibers derivatives for advanced battery energy storage

Ingenious design and fabrication of advanced carbon-based sulfur cathodes are extremely important to the development of high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries,which hold promise as the next-generation power source.Herein,for the first time,we report a novel versatile hyphae-mediated biological assembly technology to achieve scale production of hyphae carbon fibers(HCFs)derivatives,in which different components including carbon,metal compounds,and semiconductors can be homogeneously assembled with HCFs to form composite networks.The mechanism of biological adsorption assembly is also proposed.As a representative,reduced graphene oxides(rGOs)decorated with hollow carbon spheres(HCSs)successfully co-assemble with HCFs to form HCSs@rGOs/HCFs hosts for sulfur cathodes.In this unique architecture,not only large accommodation space for sulfur but also restrained volume expansion and fast charge transport paths are realized.Meanwhile,multiscale physical barriers plus chemisorption sites are simultaneously established to anchor soluble lithium polysulfides.Accordingly,the designed HCSs@rGOs/HCFs-S cathodes deliver a high capacity(1189 mA h g^(-1)at 0.1 C)and good high-rate capability(686 mA h g^(-1)at 5 C).Our work provides a new approach for the preparation of high-performance carbon-based electrodes for energy storage devices.

Slaughter Performance, Muscle Quality and Nutritional Composition of Duoluo Goats in Sichuan Province

[Objectives] This study was conducted to understand the biological characteristics of Duoluo goats. [Methods] With male and female Duoluo goats as the research object, related performance indexes were determined and analyzed after slaughter. [Results] The weights of one-year-old male and female Duoluo goats before slaughter were (25.68±2.37) and (24.51±1.97) kg, respectively;the dressing percentages were (43.55±3.24) % and (43.84±3.42) %, respectively;and the net meat percentages were (33.02±2.32) % and (34.19±2.46) %, respectively. (2) The cooked meat rates of male and female Duoluo goats were (65.49±1.42) % and (65.36±1.55) %, respectively;the shearing force was (5.48±1.24) and (5.65±1.02) N, respectively;and the loin-eye muscle areas were (8.95±1.72) and (8.82±1.15) cm 2, respectively. (3) The protein contents of male and female Duoluo goats were (20.07±0.42) and (19.47±1.22) g/100 g, respectively;and the fat contents were (1.30±0.80) % and (2.92±0.55) %, respectively;and the cholesterol contents were (71.76±11.47) and (74.83±2.68) mg/100 g, respectively;(4) The Ca contents of male and female Duoluo goats were (69.53±10.89) and (63.00±4.56) mg/kg, respectively;the Fe contents were (16.73±1.83) and (14.77±0.58) mg/kg, respectively;and the Zn contents were (38.47±3.68) and (31.83±2.22) mg/kg, respectively. (5) In the muscles of male and female Duoluo goats, the contents of essential amino acids were (7.44±0.24) and (7.26±0.41) g/100 g , respectively;the contents of non-essential amino acids were (11.81±0.33) and (11.42±0.67) g/100 g, respectively;and the contents of flavor amino acids were (8.79±0.27) and (8.42±0.57) g/100 g, respectively. [Conclusions] This study lays a foundation for the excavation and utilization of the resource, Duoluo goats.

Amorphous Electrode:From Synthesis to Electrochemical Energy Storage

Electrochemical batteries and supercapacitors are considered ideal rechargeable technologies for next-generation energy storage systems.The key to further commercial applications of electrochemical energy storage devices is the design and investigation of electrode materials with high energy density and significant cycling stability.Recently,amorphous materials have attracted a lot of attention due to their more defects and structure flexibility,opening up a new way for electrochemical energy storage.In this perspective,we summarize the recent research regarding amorphous materials for electrochemical energy storage.This review covers the advantages and features of amorphous materials,the synthesis strategies to prepare amorphous materials,as well as the application and modification of amorphous electrodes in energy storage fields.Finally,the challenges and prospective remarks for future development in amorphous materials for electrochemical energy storage are concluded.

Advances and prospects of PVDF based polymer electrolytes

Exploring highly foldable batteries with no safety hazard is a crucial task for the realization of portable,wearable,and implantable electric devices.Given these concerns,developing solid-state batteries is one of the most promising routes to achieve this aspiration.Because of the excellent flexibility and processability,polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) based electrolytes possess great potential to pack high energy density flexible batteries,however,suffers the various intrinsic shortcomings such as inferior ionic conductivity,a high degree of crystallinity,and lack of reactive groups.Clearing the progress of the present state and concluding the specific challenges faced by PVDF based electrolytes will help to develop PVDF based polymer batteries.In this review,we summarize the recent progress of gel polymer electrolytes and all solid polymer electrolytes based on PVDF.The ion transport mechanisms and preparation methods of PVDF based electrolytes are briefly introduced.Meanwhile,the current design principle and properties of electrolytes are highlighted and systematically discussed.Some peculiar modified strategies performed in lithium-sulfur batteries and lithium-oxygen batteries are also included.Finally,this review describes the challenges and prospects of some solid-state electrolytes to provide strategies for manufacturing high-performance PVDF electrolytes aimed at practical application with flexible requirements.

Superior surface electron energy level endows WP_(2) nanowire arrays with N_(2) fixation functions

Nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)under ambient conditions is always a long-standing challenge in science,due to the extreme difficulty in breaking the strong N≡N triple bond.The key to resolving this issue undoubtedly lies in searching superior catalysts to efficiently activate and hydrogenate the stable nitrogen molecules.We herein evaluate the feasibility of WP_(2) for N2 activation and reduction,and first demonstrate WP_(2) with an impressive ammonia yield rate of 7.13 lg h^(-1)cm^(-2),representing a promising W-based catalyst for NRR.DFT analysis further reveals that the NRR catalysis on WP_(2) proceeds in a distal reaction pathway,and the exceptional NRR activity is originated from superior surface electron energy level matching between WP_(2) and NRR potential which facilitates the interfacial proton-coupled electron transfer dynamics.The successfully unraveling the intrinsic catalytic mechanism of WP_(2) for NRR could offer a powerful platform to manipulate the NRR activity by tuning the electron energy levels.

Multi-Omics-Guided Discovery of Omicsynins Produced by Streptomyces sp.1647:Pseudo-Tetrapeptides Active Against Influenza A Viruses and Coronavirus HCoV-229E

Many microorganisms have mechanisms that protect cells against attack from viruses.The fermentation components of Streptomyces sp.1647 exhibit potent anti-influenza A virus(IAV)activity.This strain was isolated from soil in southern China in the 1970s,but the chemical nature of its antiviral substance(s)has remained unknown until now.We used an integrated multi-omics strategy to identify the antiviral agents from this streptomycete.The antibiotics and Secondary Metabolite Analysis Shell(antiSMASH)analysis of its genome sequence revealed 38 biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs)for secondary metabolites,and the target BGCs possibly responsible for the production of antiviral components were narrowed down to three BGCs by bioactivity-guided comparative transcriptomics analysis.Through bioinformatics analysis and genetic manipulation of the regulators and a biosynthetic gene,cluster 36 was identified as the BGC responsible for the biosynthesis of the antiviral compounds.Bioactivity-based molecular networking analysis of mass spectrometric data from different recombinant strains illustrated that the antiviral compounds were a class of structural analogues.Finally,18 pseudo-tetrapeptides with an internal ureido linkage,omicsynins A1–A6,B1–B6,and C1–C6,were identified and/or isolated from fermentation broth.Among them,11 compounds(omicsynins A1,A2,A6,B1–B3,B5,B6,C1,C2,and C6)are new compounds.Omicsynins B1–B4 exhibited potent antiviral activity against IAV with the 50%inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))of approximately 1μmol·L^(-1)and a selectivity index(SI)ranging from 100 to 300.Omicsynins B1–B4 also showed significant antiviral activity against human coronavirus HCoV-229E.By integrating multi-omics data,we discovered a number of novel antiviral pseudo-tetrapeptides produced by Streptomyces sp.1647,indicating that the secondary metabolites of microorganisms are a valuable source of novel antivirals.

VARIABLE STEP-SIZE BDF3 METHOD FOR ALLEN-CAHN EQUATION

In this work,we analyze the three-step backward differentiation formula(BDF3)method for solving the Allen-Cahn equation on variable grids.For BDF2 method,the discrete orthogonal convolution(DOC)kernels are positive,the stability and convergence analysis are well established in[Liao and Zhang,Math.Comp.,90(2021),1207–1226]and[Chen,Yu,and Zhang,arXiv:2108.02910,2021].However,the numerical analysis for BDF3 method with variable steps seems to be highly nontrivial due to the additional degrees of freedom and the non-positivity of DOC kernels.By developing a novel spectral norm inequality,the unconditional stability and convergence are rigorously proved under the updated step ratio restriction rk:=τk/τk−1≤1.405 for BDF3 method.Finally,numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the theoretical results.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first theoretical analysis of variable steps BDF3 method for the Allen-Cahn equation.

Carbon materials for metal-ion batteries

Metal-ion(Li-,Na-,Zn-,K-,Mg-,and Al-ion)batteries(MIBs)play an important role in realizing the goals of“emission peak and carbon neutralization”because of their green production techniques,lower pollution,high voltage,and large energy density.Carbon-based materials are indispensable for developing MIBs and are widely adopted as active or auxiliary materials in the anodes and cathodes.For example,carbon-based materials,includ-ing graphite,Si/C and hard carbon,have been used as anode materials for Li-and Na-ion batteries.Carbon can also be used as a conductive coating for cathodes,such as in LiFePO 4/C,to achieve better performance.In addition,as new high-valence MIBs(Zn-,Al-,and Mg-ion)have emerged,a growing number of novel carbon-based mate-rials have been utilized to construct high-performance MIBs.Herein,we discuss the recent development trends in advanced carbon-based materials for MIBs.The impact of the structure properties of advanced carbon-based materials on energy storage is addressed,and a perspective on their development is also proposed.

Fiber communication receiver models based on the multi-head attention mechanism

In this paper,an artificial-intelligence-based fiber communication receiver model is put forward.With the multi-head attention mechanism it contains,this model can extract crucial patterns and map the transmitted signals into the bit stream.Once appropriately trained,it can obtain the ability to restore the information from the signals whose transmission distances range from 0 to 100 km,signal-to-noise ratios range from 0 to 20 dB,modulation formats range from OOK to PAM4,and symbol rates range from 10 to 40 GBaud.The validity of the model is numerically demonstrated via MATLAB and Pytorch scenarios and compared with traditional communication receivers.

Three pairs of alkaloid enantiomers from the root of Isatis indigotica

Three pairs of enantiomerically pure alkaloids with diverse structure features, named isatindigoticoic acid A and epiisatindigoticoic acid A [(—)-1 and(+)-1], phaitanthrin A and epiphaitanthrin A [(—)-2 and(+)-2], and isatindopyrromizol A and epiisatindopyrromizol A [(—)-3and(+)-3], respectively, were isolated from an aqueous extract of the roots of Isatis indigotica. Racemic and scalemic mixtures of these enantiomers were separated by HPLC on a chiral semi-preparative column.Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis in conjunction with the calculation of electronic circular dichroism(ECD) spectra. The enantiomer pairs possess parent structures of 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxylic acid, indolo[2,1-b]quinazolinone, and 3-thioxohexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-1-one, respectively. Except for phaitanthrin A[(—)-2] which the configuration was previously undetermined, these compounds are new enantiomeric natural products.

4-Hydroxybenzyl-substituted amino acid derivatives from Gastrodia elata

Seven new 4-hydroxyben l-substituted amino acid derivatives (1-7), together with 11 known compounds, were isolated from an aqueous extract of the rhizomes of Go,arodia data Blume. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Compounds 1-3 are pyroglutamate derivatives containing 4-hydroxybenzyl units at the N atom and 4-7 are the first examples of natural products with the 4-hydroxybenzyl unit linked vici a thioether bond to 2-hydroxy-3mercaptopropanoic acid (4-6) and 2-hydroxy-4-mercaptobutanoic acid (7), which would be biogenetically derived from cysteine and homocysteine, respectively. The structures of 1 and 2 were verified hi synthesis, while the absolute configurations of 4, 5 and 7 were assigned using Mosher 's method based on the MPA determination rule of A5Rs values. The known compound 4-(hydroxymethy0-5-nifrobenzene1,2-diol (8) exhibited activity against Fe2 r--cysteine induced rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation with 1050 values of 9.99 x 10 6 mon. (C) 2015 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.'s/. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Indole alkaloid sulfonic acids from an aqueous extract of Isatis indigotica roots and their antiviral activity

Six new indole alkaloid sulfonic acids(1–6), together with two analogues(7 and 8) that were previously reported as synthetic products, were isolated from an aqueous extract of the Isatis indigotica root. Their structures including the absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic data analysis, combined with enzyme hydrolysis and comparison of experimental circular dichroism and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. In the preliminary assay, compounds 2 and 4 showed antiviral activity against Coxsackie virus B3 and influenza virus A/Hanfang/359/95(H3N2), respectively.

Sulfur-enriched alkaloids from the root of Isatis indigotica

Five new sulfur-enriched alkaloids isatithioetherins A–E(1–5), and two pairs of scalemic enantiomers(t)-and( à)-isatithiopyrin B(6 a and 6 b) and isoepigoitrin and isogoitrin(7 a and 7 b), along with the known scalemic enantiomers epigoitrin and goitrin(8 a and 8 b), were isolated and characterized from an aqueous extract of the Isatis indigotica roots. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic data analysis, including 2 D NMR and theoretical calculations of electronic circular dichroism(ECD) spectra based on the quantum-mechanical time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT). Compounds 1–5 represent a novel group of sulfur-enriched alkaloids, biogenetically originating from stereoselective assemblies of epigoitrin-derived units. Isolation and structure characterization of 6 a and 6 b support the postulated biosynthetic pathways for the diastereomers 9 a and 9 b via a rare thio-Diels–Alder reaction. Compounds 2 and 4 showed antiviral activity against the influenza virus A/Hanfang/359/95(H3 N2, IC500.60 and 1.92 μmol/L) and the herpes simplex virus 1(HSV-1, IC503.70 and 2.87 μmol/L), and 2 also inhibited Coxsackie virus B3(IC500.71 μmol/L).& 2018 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Ozone sensitivity analysis with the MM5-CMAQ modeling system for Shanghai

Ozone has become one of the most important air pollution issues around the world. This article applied both O 3 /（NOy-NOx） and H 2 O 2 /HNO 3 indicators to analyze the ozone sensitivity in urban and rural areas of Shanghai, with implementation of the MM5-CMAQ modeling system in July, 2007. The meteorological parameters were obtained by using the MM5 model. A regional emission inventory with spatial and temporal allocation based on the statistical data has been developed to provide input emission data to the MM5-CMAQ modeling system. Results showed that the ozone concentrations in Shanghai show clear regional differences. The ozone concentration in rural areas was much higher than that in the urban area. Two indicators showed that ozone was more sensitive to VOCs in urban areas, while it tended to be NOx sensitive in rural areas of Shanghai.

Aromatic compounds from an aqueous extract of “ban lan gen” and their antiviral activities

A pair of new diphenyl glycerol ether enantiomers(-)-l and(+)-l and two new methyl benzamidobenzoates 2 and 3,named(-)-(R)-and(+)-(S)-isatindigotrioic acid[(-)-l and(+)-l]and isatindigoticamides A(2) and B(3),respectively,were isolated from an aqueous decoction of the roots of Isatis indigotica(ban lan gen).Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis including2 D NMR experiments.The absolute configurations of(-)-l and(+)-l were assigned based on the CD exciton chirality method.Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited antiviral activities against HSV-1 with IC_(50)values of 4.87 and 25.87μmol/L,respectively.Compound 2 was also found active against Coxsackie virus B3 and LPS-induced NO production.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe_xCoCrNiMn high-entropy alloys

The microstructure and tensile properties of FexCo Cr Ni Mn high-entropy alloys(HEAs) were investigated.It was found that the FexCo Cr Ni Mn HEA has a single face-centered cubic(fcc) structure in a wide range of Fe content. Further increasing the Fe content endowed the FexCo Cr Ni Mn alloys with an fcc/bodycentered cubic(bcc) dual-phase structure. The yield strength of the FexCo Cr Ni Mn HEAs slightly decreased with the increase of Fe content. An excellent combination of strength and ductility was achieved in the FexCo Cr Ni Mn HEA with higher Fe content, which can be attributed to the outstanding deformation coordination capability of the fcc/bcc dual phase structure.

Isatindolignanoside A, a glucosidic indole-lignan conjugate from an aqueous extract of the Isatis indigotica roots

A glucosidic indole-lignan conjugate with a novel carbon skeleton, named isatindolignanoside A（1）, was isolated from an aqueous extract of the Isatis indigotica roots ＂ban lan gen＂. Its structure was elucidated by comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data, including J-and NOESY correlation-based configurational analysis, circular dichroism（CD） data, enzyme hydrolysis, and theoretical ECD calculation. In a preliminary assay, compound 1 showed antiviral activity against Coxsackie virus B3. This compound is the first example of natural product having a structural feature of conjugation between indole and lignan units, and its biosynthetic pathway is postulated.

Hybrid integrated low-noise linear chirp frequency-modulated continuous-wave laser source based on self-injection to an external cavity

A hybrid integrated low-noise linear chirp frequency-modulated continuous-wave(FMCW)laser source with a wide frequency bandwidth is demonstrated.By employing two-dimensional thermal tuning,the laser source shows frequency modulation bandwidth of 10.3 GHz at 100 Hz chirped frequency and 5.6 GHz at 1 kHz chirped frequency.The intrinsic linewidth of 49.9 Hz with 42 GHz continuous frequency tuning bandwidth is measured under static operation.Furthermore,by pre-distortion linearization of the laser source,it can distinguish 3 m length difference at 45 km distance in the fiber length measurement experiment,demonstrating its application potential in ultra-long fiber sensing and FMCW light detection and ranging.

Robust hybrid laser linewidth reduction using Si_(3)N_(4)-based subwavelength hole defect assisted microring reflector

We demonstrate a hybrid laser with a low intrinsic linewidth of 34.2 Hz and a high fiber-coupled output power of 11.7 dBm,by coupling a Si_(3)N_(4)-based subwavelength hole defect assisted microring reflector(SHDA-MRR)to a commercially available distributed feedback semiconductor laser.The proposed SHDA-MRR structure features an accurately controlled reflection response,with the manipulated modal coupling between two degenerate counterpropagating modes induced by a subwavelength hole defect embedded in the microring waveguide.With further joint optimization of cavity parameters,this Si_(3)N_(4) SHDA-MRR structure is expected to reduce the laser intrinsic linewidth to a sub-hertz level.This work explores a low-cost and robust linewidth reduction scheme for the applications of high-speed coherent optical communications systems and high-resolution optical metrology.