The local density of optical states(LDOS)is an important physical concept,which can characterize the spontaneous emission of microcavities.In order to calculate the LDOS,the relationship between the mode spectrum and ...The local density of optical states(LDOS)is an important physical concept,which can characterize the spontaneous emission of microcavities.In order to calculate the LDOS,the relationship between the mode spectrum and the LDOS is established.Then,based on the transfer matrix method and the effective resonator model,the leaky loss of the leaky mode and the mode spectrum in the one-dimensional photonic bandgap crystal waveguide are calculated,results of which indicate that the mode spectrum can characterize the leaky loss of the leaky mode.At last,the density of optical states(DOS),and the LDOS in each layer are calculated.The partial DOS and the partial LDOS in the quantum well,related to the fundamental leaky mode,can be used to find out the optimal location of the quantum well in the defect layer to couple more useful photons into the lasing mode for lasers.展开更多
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is a progressive lung disease with unclear etiology and limited treatment options.The median survival time for IPF patients is approximately 2–3 years and there is no effective inter...Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is a progressive lung disease with unclear etiology and limited treatment options.The median survival time for IPF patients is approximately 2–3 years and there is no effective intervention to treat IPF other than lung transplantation.As important components of lung tissue,endothelial cells(ECs)are associated with pulmonary diseases.However,the role of endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is incompletely understood.Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1(S1PR1)is a G protein-coupled receptor highly expressed in lung ECs.Its expression is markedly reduced in patients with IPF.Herein,we generated an endothelial-conditional S1pr1 knockout mouse model which exhibited inflammation and fibrosis with or without bleomycin(BLM)challenge.Selective activation of S1PR1 with an S1PR1 agonist,IMMH002,exerted a potent therapeutic effect in mice with bleomycin-induced fibrosis by protecting the integrity of the endothelial barrier.These results suggest that S1PR1 might be a promising drug target for IPF therapy.展开更多
Glioblastoma(GBM)is a highly aggressive and lethal brain tumor with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME).In this environment,myeloid cells,such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs),play a pivotal rol...Glioblastoma(GBM)is a highly aggressive and lethal brain tumor with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME).In this environment,myeloid cells,such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs),play a pivotal role in suppressing antitumor immunity.Lipometabolism is closely related to the function of myeloid cells.Here,our study reports that acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1(ACAT1),the key enzyme of fatty acid oxidation(FAO)and ketogenesis,is significantly downregulated in the MDSCs infiltrated in GBM patients.To investigate the effects of ACAT1 on myeloid cells,we generated mice with myeloid-specific(LyzM-cre)depletion of ACAT1.The results show that these mice exhibited a remarkable accumulation of MDSCs and increased tumor progression both ectopically and orthotopically.The mechanism behind this effect is elevated secretion of C-X-C motif ligand 1(CXCLI)of macrophages(Mo).Overall,our findings demonstrate that ACAT1 could serve as a promising drug target for GBM by regulating the function of MDSCs in the TME.展开更多
Zero-energy topological states,which are protected by chiral symmetry against certain perturbations topologically,localize at interfaces between trivial and non-trivial phases in the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger(SSH)chain m...Zero-energy topological states,which are protected by chiral symmetry against certain perturbations topologically,localize at interfaces between trivial and non-trivial phases in the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger(SSH)chain model.Here,we propose and demonstrate a method to manipulate chiral symmetry itself to improve the localized interfaces and enlarge the mode volume of topological states in the SSH model,thus optimizing the lasing performance of localized interfaces.As multiple defects corresponding to off-diagonal perturbations in an eigenmatrix are introduced,the topological state expands and extends to extra defects at the topological interface without breaking chiral symmetry.We apply the proposed method in electrical pumping semiconductor laser arrays to verify our theoretical prediction and optimize the output characteristics of the devices.The measured results of the proposed multi-defect SSH laser array show that the output power has been increased by 27%,and the series resistance and far-field divergence have been reduced by half compared to the traditional SSH laser array,establishing a high-performance light source for integrated silicon photonics,infrared light detection and ranging,and so on.Our work demonstrates that the proposed method is capable of improving topological localized interfaces and redistributing zero-energy topological states.Furthermore,our method can be applied to other platforms and inspire optimizations of more devices in broader areas.展开更多
Psoriasis is characterized by abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes,as well as infiltration of immune cells into the dermis and epidermis,causing itchy,scaly and erythematous plaques of skin.The understanding of thi...Psoriasis is characterized by abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes,as well as infiltration of immune cells into the dermis and epidermis,causing itchy,scaly and erythematous plaques of skin.The understanding of this chronic inflammatory skin disease remains unclear and all available treatments have their limitations currently.Here,we showed that IMMH002,a novel orally active S1 P1 modulator,desensitized peripheral pathogenic lymphocytes to egress signal from secondary lymphoid organs and thymus.Using different psoriasis animal models,we demonstrated that IMMH002 could significantly relieve skin damage as revealed by PAS I score and pathological injure evaluation.Mechanistically,IMMH002 regulated CD3+T lymphocytes re-distribution by inducing lymphocytes’homing,thus decreased T lymphocytes allocation in the peripheral blood and skin but increased in the thymus.Our results suggest that the novel SIP1 agonist,IMMH002,exert extraordinary capacity to rapidly modulate T lymphocytes distribution,representing a promising drug candidate for psoriasis treatment.展开更多
Heterogeneous reactions on the aerosol particle surface in the atmosphere play important roles in air pollution, climate change, and global biogeochemical cycles. However, the reported uptake coefficients of heterogen...Heterogeneous reactions on the aerosol particle surface in the atmosphere play important roles in air pollution, climate change, and global biogeochemical cycles. However, the reported uptake coefficients of heterogeneous reactions usually have large variations and may not be relevant to real atmospheric conditions. One of the major reasons for this is the use of bulk samples in laboratory experiments, while particles in the atmosphere are suspended individually. A number of technologies have been developed recently to study heterogeneous reactions on the surfaces of individual particles. Precise measurements on the reactive surface area, volume, and morphology of individual particles are necessary for calculating the uptake coefficient, quantifying reactants and products, and understanding the reaction mechanism better. In this study, for the first time we used synchrotron radiation X-ray computed tomography(XCT) and micro-Raman spectrometry to measure individual CaCO_3 particle morphology, with sizes ranging from 3.5–6.5 μm. Particle surface area and volume were calculated using a reconstruction method based on software threedimensional(3-D) rendering. The XCT was first validated with high-resolution fieldemission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) to acquire accurate CaCO_3 particle surface area and volume estimates. Our results showed an average difference of only 6.1% in surface area and 3.2% in volume measured either by micro-Raman spectrometry or X-ray tomography. X-ray tomography and FE-SEM can provide more morphological details of individual Ca CO3 particles than micro-Raman spectrometry. This study demonstrated that X-ray computed tomography and micro-Raman spectrometry can precisely measure the surface area, volume, and morphology of an individual particle.展开更多
An efficient copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of substituted phthalic anhydrides using (trifluoromethyl) trimethylsilane (Me3SiCF3) as a nucleophilic trifluoromethylating reagent in the presence of 1,10-phena...An efficient copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of substituted phthalic anhydrides using (trifluoromethyl) trimethylsilane (Me3SiCF3) as a nucleophilic trifluoromethylating reagent in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline and KF, followed by quenching the reaction mixture with water has been developed. A possible mechanism was suggested.展开更多
A high peak power density and low mechanical stress photonic-band-crystal(PBC)diode laser array based on non-soldered packaging technology is demonstrated.The array consists of the PBC diode laser bars with small fast...A high peak power density and low mechanical stress photonic-band-crystal(PBC)diode laser array based on non-soldered packaging technology is demonstrated.The array consists of the PBC diode laser bars with small fast axis divergence angles.Meanwhile,we design the non-soldered array structure that realizes mechanical stacking of 10 bars in the vertical direction.In the experiment,the peak power density of the PBC array is about 1.75 times that of the conventional array when the same total power is obtained.The peak power of the non-soldered array is 292.2 W,and the“smile”effect is improved by adjusting the mechanical fixing force of the array.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1400604 and 2021YFB2801400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91850206,62075213,62135001,and 62205328)。
文摘The local density of optical states(LDOS)is an important physical concept,which can characterize the spontaneous emission of microcavities.In order to calculate the LDOS,the relationship between the mode spectrum and the LDOS is established.Then,based on the transfer matrix method and the effective resonator model,the leaky loss of the leaky mode and the mode spectrum in the one-dimensional photonic bandgap crystal waveguide are calculated,results of which indicate that the mode spectrum can characterize the leaky loss of the leaky mode.At last,the density of optical states(DOS),and the LDOS in each layer are calculated.The partial DOS and the partial LDOS in the quantum well,related to the fundamental leaky mode,can be used to find out the optimal location of the quantum well in the defect layer to couple more useful photons into the lasing mode for lasers.
基金supported by National Key Research&Development Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the PRC(No.2019YFE0111800,China)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81872923,China)+1 种基金Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2021-JKCS-016,China)The Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(No.0074/2019/AMJ,China).
文摘Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is a progressive lung disease with unclear etiology and limited treatment options.The median survival time for IPF patients is approximately 2–3 years and there is no effective intervention to treat IPF other than lung transplantation.As important components of lung tissue,endothelial cells(ECs)are associated with pulmonary diseases.However,the role of endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is incompletely understood.Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1(S1PR1)is a G protein-coupled receptor highly expressed in lung ECs.Its expression is markedly reduced in patients with IPF.Herein,we generated an endothelial-conditional S1pr1 knockout mouse model which exhibited inflammation and fibrosis with or without bleomycin(BLM)challenge.Selective activation of S1PR1 with an S1PR1 agonist,IMMH002,exerted a potent therapeutic effect in mice with bleomycin-induced fibrosis by protecting the integrity of the endothelial barrier.These results suggest that S1PR1 might be a promising drug target for IPF therapy.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFE0111800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.T2192972,81872923,and 81903904)the CAMS Innovation Fund(2022-I2M-1-014,China).
文摘Glioblastoma(GBM)is a highly aggressive and lethal brain tumor with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME).In this environment,myeloid cells,such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs),play a pivotal role in suppressing antitumor immunity.Lipometabolism is closely related to the function of myeloid cells.Here,our study reports that acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1(ACAT1),the key enzyme of fatty acid oxidation(FAO)and ketogenesis,is significantly downregulated in the MDSCs infiltrated in GBM patients.To investigate the effects of ACAT1 on myeloid cells,we generated mice with myeloid-specific(LyzM-cre)depletion of ACAT1.The results show that these mice exhibited a remarkable accumulation of MDSCs and increased tumor progression both ectopically and orthotopically.The mechanism behind this effect is elevated secretion of C-X-C motif ligand 1(CXCLI)of macrophages(Mo).Overall,our findings demonstrate that ACAT1 could serve as a promising drug target for GBM by regulating the function of MDSCs in the TME.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1400604,2021YFB2801400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075213,62135001,62205328,91850206)。
文摘Zero-energy topological states,which are protected by chiral symmetry against certain perturbations topologically,localize at interfaces between trivial and non-trivial phases in the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger(SSH)chain model.Here,we propose and demonstrate a method to manipulate chiral symmetry itself to improve the localized interfaces and enlarge the mode volume of topological states in the SSH model,thus optimizing the lasing performance of localized interfaces.As multiple defects corresponding to off-diagonal perturbations in an eigenmatrix are introduced,the topological state expands and extends to extra defects at the topological interface without breaking chiral symmetry.We apply the proposed method in electrical pumping semiconductor laser arrays to verify our theoretical prediction and optimize the output characteristics of the devices.The measured results of the proposed multi-defect SSH laser array show that the output power has been increased by 27%,and the series resistance and far-field divergence have been reduced by half compared to the traditional SSH laser array,establishing a high-performance light source for integrated silicon photonics,infrared light detection and ranging,and so on.Our work demonstrates that the proposed method is capable of improving topological localized interfaces and redistributing zero-energy topological states.Furthermore,our method can be applied to other platforms and inspire optimizations of more devices in broader areas.
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2016-I2M-3-008,China)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Nos.81872923 and 81473096)+1 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7172140,China)The Drug Innovation Major Project(No.2018ZX09711001-003,China).
文摘Psoriasis is characterized by abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes,as well as infiltration of immune cells into the dermis and epidermis,causing itchy,scaly and erythematous plaques of skin.The understanding of this chronic inflammatory skin disease remains unclear and all available treatments have their limitations currently.Here,we showed that IMMH002,a novel orally active S1 P1 modulator,desensitized peripheral pathogenic lymphocytes to egress signal from secondary lymphoid organs and thymus.Using different psoriasis animal models,we demonstrated that IMMH002 could significantly relieve skin damage as revealed by PAS I score and pathological injure evaluation.Mechanistically,IMMH002 regulated CD3+T lymphocytes re-distribution by inducing lymphocytes’homing,thus decreased T lymphocytes allocation in the peripheral blood and skin but increased in the thymus.Our results suggest that the novel SIP1 agonist,IMMH002,exert extraordinary capacity to rapidly modulate T lymphocytes distribution,representing a promising drug candidate for psoriasis treatment.
基金supported by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2008AA062503)the National Natural Science Foundation Committee of China(Nos.41421064,20637020)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.20100470166)
文摘Heterogeneous reactions on the aerosol particle surface in the atmosphere play important roles in air pollution, climate change, and global biogeochemical cycles. However, the reported uptake coefficients of heterogeneous reactions usually have large variations and may not be relevant to real atmospheric conditions. One of the major reasons for this is the use of bulk samples in laboratory experiments, while particles in the atmosphere are suspended individually. A number of technologies have been developed recently to study heterogeneous reactions on the surfaces of individual particles. Precise measurements on the reactive surface area, volume, and morphology of individual particles are necessary for calculating the uptake coefficient, quantifying reactants and products, and understanding the reaction mechanism better. In this study, for the first time we used synchrotron radiation X-ray computed tomography(XCT) and micro-Raman spectrometry to measure individual CaCO_3 particle morphology, with sizes ranging from 3.5–6.5 μm. Particle surface area and volume were calculated using a reconstruction method based on software threedimensional(3-D) rendering. The XCT was first validated with high-resolution fieldemission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) to acquire accurate CaCO_3 particle surface area and volume estimates. Our results showed an average difference of only 6.1% in surface area and 3.2% in volume measured either by micro-Raman spectrometry or X-ray tomography. X-ray tomography and FE-SEM can provide more morphological details of individual Ca CO3 particles than micro-Raman spectrometry. This study demonstrated that X-ray computed tomography and micro-Raman spectrometry can precisely measure the surface area, volume, and morphology of an individual particle.
基金Acknowledgement We are grateful for financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21072057, 21272070), the 973 Program (No. 2010CB126101), the Key Project in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program of China in the twelfth five-year plan period (No. 2011BAE06B05).
文摘An efficient copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of substituted phthalic anhydrides using (trifluoromethyl) trimethylsilane (Me3SiCF3) as a nucleophilic trifluoromethylating reagent in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline and KF, followed by quenching the reaction mixture with water has been developed. A possible mechanism was suggested.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1400604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91850206 and 62075213)。
文摘A high peak power density and low mechanical stress photonic-band-crystal(PBC)diode laser array based on non-soldered packaging technology is demonstrated.The array consists of the PBC diode laser bars with small fast axis divergence angles.Meanwhile,we design the non-soldered array structure that realizes mechanical stacking of 10 bars in the vertical direction.In the experiment,the peak power density of the PBC array is about 1.75 times that of the conventional array when the same total power is obtained.The peak power of the non-soldered array is 292.2 W,and the“smile”effect is improved by adjusting the mechanical fixing force of the array.