Applying iodine fertilizers to cultivate iodine-rich crops for daily intake is an effective approach for iodine supplementation,especially for aromatic rice.Field experiments were conducted during the early growing se...Applying iodine fertilizers to cultivate iodine-rich crops for daily intake is an effective approach for iodine supplementation,especially for aromatic rice.Field experiments were conducted during the early growing seasons of 2021 and 2022 to evaluate the impacts of foliar application of iodine fertilizer on aromatic rice and to explore the optimal iodine fertilizer concentration.At the full heading stage,six different concentrations of sodium iodide solutions of 0%(CK),0.010%(T1),0.025%(T2),0.050%(T3),0.075%(T4),and 0.100%(T5)were applied to indica aromatic rice cultivars Meixiangzhan 2 and Xiangyaxiangzhan.The results showed that sodium iodide treatments significantly increased the iodine and sodium contents in both leaves and grains.Compared with the CK,the T1 and T2 treatments increased the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)content in mature grains by 8.41%-101.66%and 13.58%-74.60%,respectively.Improvements in the contents of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid,proline,1-pyrroline,and methylglyoxal,as well as the activity of proline dehydrogenase were also detected.Additionally,sodium iodide treatments remarkably decreased the chalky grain rate,chalkiness area,and chalkiness degree of aromatic rice,with the T2 treatment exhibiting a 17.79%-47.42%decrease in chalkiness degree compared with the CK.Meanwhile,T1 and T2 treatments showed beneficial impacts on chlorophyll content,photosynthetic characteristics,and yield components,while T3,T4,and T5 treatments exhibited adverse effects on leaf and grain yields.The linear discriminant analysis revealed significant differences between treatments.The correlation analysis and piecewise structural equation modeling showed that the iodine and sodium influenced the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content of the leaves,thereby regulating the 2-AP biosynthesis and yield components,ultimately affecting the 2-AP content and yield.Overall,this study suggests that foliar application of 0.025%sodium iodide is an effective method to enrich the iodine content in rice grains,improve the grain aroma and appearance quality of aromatic rice,without detrimental effects on grain yield.展开更多
以杂交香稻品种青香优19香为材料,设置超声波处理种子(UT,种子发芽前,放入隧道式超声波处理器,在室温下以50 kHz频率处理1.0 min)及非超声波处理种子(CK),用钵苗盘在低温人工气候箱(白天12 h 22℃,晚上12 h 12℃)、高温人工气候箱(白天1...以杂交香稻品种青香优19香为材料,设置超声波处理种子(UT,种子发芽前,放入隧道式超声波处理器,在室温下以50 kHz频率处理1.0 min)及非超声波处理种子(CK),用钵苗盘在低温人工气候箱(白天12 h 22℃,晚上12 h 12℃)、高温人工气候箱(白天12 h 35℃,晚上12 h 25℃)和室温网室(白天平均温度为25.3℃,夜间平均温度为16.6℃)培育秧苗,20 d后统一转移至网室盆中种植至成熟,测定苗期秧苗素质、抗逆性相关酶活性、产量和2-AP含量,以探明超声波处理种子对香稻秧苗素质、抗逆性、产量和香气的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,UT处理提高了水稻苗期植株的株高和茎基宽,显著提高了苗期植株的鲜质量和干质量;UT处理后青香优19香的POD、CAT活性和MDA含量与CK相比无显著差异,但SOD活性、结实率和每穗粒数显著提高,从而显著提高产量;UT处理种子显著提高了青香优19香的2-AP含量。展开更多
Mechanical hill wet-seeded rice machine is beneficial for establishing and growing uniform rows of seedlings.However,there is limited knowledge regarding the effects of the establishment of furrows on growth,lodging a...Mechanical hill wet-seeded rice machine is beneficial for establishing and growing uniform rows of seedlings.However,there is limited knowledge regarding the effects of the establishment of furrows on growth,lodging and yield,and their relationships with root traits.In this study,field experiments were conducted during 2012 and 2013 using two super rice varieties(hybrid rice Peizataifeng and inbred rice Yuxiangyouzhan)under three furrow establishment treatments(T1,both water and seed furrows were established by the machine;T2,only seed furrows were established by the machine;and T3,neither water nor seed furrows were established by the machine).Lodging index,lodging-related traits,grain yield,above-ground dry weight and root traits were measured.The results showed that the lodging index was significantly affected by the treatments with furrows(T1 and T2).The strongest lodging resistance was detected in the mechanical hill wet-seeded rice with furrow treatment(T1)in both 2012 and 2013.Lodging resistance was strongly related to the breaking resistance.No significant difference was found in grain yield or dry weight of the mechanical hill wet-seeded rice.Therefore,the mechanical hill wet-seeded rice with furrow treatment increased rice lodging resistance,which was related to root traits.展开更多
Epoxiconazole is a triazole compound.However,the effects of epoxiconazole on crop productivity and quality were rarely reported.In this study,we investigated the effects of epoxiconazole application on yield formation...Epoxiconazole is a triazole compound.However,the effects of epoxiconazole on crop productivity and quality were rarely reported.In this study,we investigated the effects of epoxiconazole application on yield formation,grain quality attributes,and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)content in fragrant rice.A three-year field experiment was carried out with a fragrant rice variety,Meixiangzhan 2.At the heading stage,0,0.02,0.04,0.08,0.16 and 0.32 g/L epoxiconazole solutions were foliar applied to fragrant rice plants,respectively.The results showed that epoxiconazole application significantly increased grain yield,seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight.Chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of fragrant rice during the grain-filling stage significantly increased due to epoxiconazole application.Foliar application of epoxiconazole at 0.08 g/L increased grain protein content and decreased both chalky rice rate and chalkiness area ratio of fragrant rice.Epoxiconazole also substantially increased grain 2-AP content by inducing the regulation in contents of related synthetic precursors,including proline,pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid,Δ1-pyrroline and methylglyoxal.Overall,foliar application of epoxiconazole could be used for the improvement in grain yield,grain quality and 2-AP content in fragrant rice production when applied concentration at 0.08-0.32 g/L.Our findings provided the new roles of epoxiconazole in crop production.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31971843)the Technology System of Modern Agricultural Industry in Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2020KJ105)+1 种基金the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project,Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.202103000075)the Special Rural Revitalization Funds of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2021KJ382)。
文摘Applying iodine fertilizers to cultivate iodine-rich crops for daily intake is an effective approach for iodine supplementation,especially for aromatic rice.Field experiments were conducted during the early growing seasons of 2021 and 2022 to evaluate the impacts of foliar application of iodine fertilizer on aromatic rice and to explore the optimal iodine fertilizer concentration.At the full heading stage,six different concentrations of sodium iodide solutions of 0%(CK),0.010%(T1),0.025%(T2),0.050%(T3),0.075%(T4),and 0.100%(T5)were applied to indica aromatic rice cultivars Meixiangzhan 2 and Xiangyaxiangzhan.The results showed that sodium iodide treatments significantly increased the iodine and sodium contents in both leaves and grains.Compared with the CK,the T1 and T2 treatments increased the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)content in mature grains by 8.41%-101.66%and 13.58%-74.60%,respectively.Improvements in the contents of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid,proline,1-pyrroline,and methylglyoxal,as well as the activity of proline dehydrogenase were also detected.Additionally,sodium iodide treatments remarkably decreased the chalky grain rate,chalkiness area,and chalkiness degree of aromatic rice,with the T2 treatment exhibiting a 17.79%-47.42%decrease in chalkiness degree compared with the CK.Meanwhile,T1 and T2 treatments showed beneficial impacts on chlorophyll content,photosynthetic characteristics,and yield components,while T3,T4,and T5 treatments exhibited adverse effects on leaf and grain yields.The linear discriminant analysis revealed significant differences between treatments.The correlation analysis and piecewise structural equation modeling showed that the iodine and sodium influenced the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content of the leaves,thereby regulating the 2-AP biosynthesis and yield components,ultimately affecting the 2-AP content and yield.Overall,this study suggests that foliar application of 0.025%sodium iodide is an effective method to enrich the iodine content in rice grains,improve the grain aroma and appearance quality of aromatic rice,without detrimental effects on grain yield.
文摘【目的】探索香稻适宜的水肥管理模式。【方法】以常规香稻"桂香占"和杂交香稻"培杂软香"为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,设置二因子三水平随机区组共9个处理,即水分因子设常规灌溉(维持水层1~3 cm,W0)、轻度控水灌溉(土壤水势维持在-20^-5 k Pa,W1)和重度控水灌溉(土壤水势维持在-40^-25 k Pa,W2);粒肥因子设不施粒肥(N0)、低氮粒肥(每盆施尿素0.43 g,N1)和高氮粒肥(每盆施尿素1.08 g,N2),并以常规灌溉不施粒肥处理(W0N0)为对照,研究了9个处理对香稻香气、品质和产量的影响。【结果】轻度控水灌溉高氮粒肥处理(W1N2)香稻"桂香占"和"培杂软香"的糙米香气分别比W0N0处理显著增加了176.1%和62.3%;W1N2处理"桂香占"的精米率比W0N0处理显著提高了69.78%,但对"培杂软香"的精米率没有显著影响;W1N2处理"桂香占"和"培杂软香"的垩白粒率分别比W0N0处理显著降低了15.03%和9.45%;W1N2处理"桂香占"的总粒数和"培杂软香"的有效穗分别比W0N0处理显著提高了3.95%和24.72%;常规灌溉高氮粒肥处理(W0N2)处理"桂香占"和"培杂软香"的实际产量分别为6.85 t/hm2和6.97 t/hm2比其他各处理实际产量稍高,但各处理与W0N0处理相比没有显著差异。【结论】轻度控水灌溉高氮粒肥处理是浓香高产优质的最佳栽培措施,可在香稻的大面积和标准化种植中推广应用。
文摘以杂交香稻品种青香优19香为材料,设置超声波处理种子(UT,种子发芽前,放入隧道式超声波处理器,在室温下以50 kHz频率处理1.0 min)及非超声波处理种子(CK),用钵苗盘在低温人工气候箱(白天12 h 22℃,晚上12 h 12℃)、高温人工气候箱(白天12 h 35℃,晚上12 h 25℃)和室温网室(白天平均温度为25.3℃,夜间平均温度为16.6℃)培育秧苗,20 d后统一转移至网室盆中种植至成熟,测定苗期秧苗素质、抗逆性相关酶活性、产量和2-AP含量,以探明超声波处理种子对香稻秧苗素质、抗逆性、产量和香气的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,UT处理提高了水稻苗期植株的株高和茎基宽,显著提高了苗期植株的鲜质量和干质量;UT处理后青香优19香的POD、CAT活性和MDA含量与CK相比无显著差异,但SOD活性、结实率和每穗粒数显著提高,从而显著提高产量;UT处理种子显著提高了青香优19香的2-AP含量。
基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2020B1515020034)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(Grant No.BX201700083)+3 种基金the Commonweal Project(Grant No.201203059)the Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong(Grant No.2019B020221003)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD0100800)as well as the China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-01-41).
文摘Mechanical hill wet-seeded rice machine is beneficial for establishing and growing uniform rows of seedlings.However,there is limited knowledge regarding the effects of the establishment of furrows on growth,lodging and yield,and their relationships with root traits.In this study,field experiments were conducted during 2012 and 2013 using two super rice varieties(hybrid rice Peizataifeng and inbred rice Yuxiangyouzhan)under three furrow establishment treatments(T1,both water and seed furrows were established by the machine;T2,only seed furrows were established by the machine;and T3,neither water nor seed furrows were established by the machine).Lodging index,lodging-related traits,grain yield,above-ground dry weight and root traits were measured.The results showed that the lodging index was significantly affected by the treatments with furrows(T1 and T2).The strongest lodging resistance was detected in the mechanical hill wet-seeded rice with furrow treatment(T1)in both 2012 and 2013.Lodging resistance was strongly related to the breaking resistance.No significant difference was found in grain yield or dry weight of the mechanical hill wet-seeded rice.Therefore,the mechanical hill wet-seeded rice with furrow treatment increased rice lodging resistance,which was related to root traits.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31971843)the Technology System of Modern Agricultural Industry in Guangdong(Grant No.2020KJ105)Guangzhou Science and Technology Project in China(Grant No.202103000075).
文摘Epoxiconazole is a triazole compound.However,the effects of epoxiconazole on crop productivity and quality were rarely reported.In this study,we investigated the effects of epoxiconazole application on yield formation,grain quality attributes,and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)content in fragrant rice.A three-year field experiment was carried out with a fragrant rice variety,Meixiangzhan 2.At the heading stage,0,0.02,0.04,0.08,0.16 and 0.32 g/L epoxiconazole solutions were foliar applied to fragrant rice plants,respectively.The results showed that epoxiconazole application significantly increased grain yield,seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight.Chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of fragrant rice during the grain-filling stage significantly increased due to epoxiconazole application.Foliar application of epoxiconazole at 0.08 g/L increased grain protein content and decreased both chalky rice rate and chalkiness area ratio of fragrant rice.Epoxiconazole also substantially increased grain 2-AP content by inducing the regulation in contents of related synthetic precursors,including proline,pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid,Δ1-pyrroline and methylglyoxal.Overall,foliar application of epoxiconazole could be used for the improvement in grain yield,grain quality and 2-AP content in fragrant rice production when applied concentration at 0.08-0.32 g/L.Our findings provided the new roles of epoxiconazole in crop production.
