Competition among countries has evolved from just on Earth but into space as space technology and space power is a key attribute in the world today.Today space technology has spread,due to the enormous develop-ment,in...Competition among countries has evolved from just on Earth but into space as space technology and space power is a key attribute in the world today.Today space technology has spread,due to the enormous develop-ment,into every sector of life in the Earth for the beneft of mankind.Every country has the ambition to be a part of the space itiative.Asia Pacific Space Cooperation Organization(APSCO)is an organization that tries to promote space acivities through cooperation in the Asia Pacific region.This paper attempts to explore the nature and categories of potential conflict that may arise under the APSCO framework program.Furthermore,it also endeavors to establish an effective and better dispute settlement mechanism under the overal APSCO framework.Finally,this paper introduces the institutional framework and working procedures of the arbitration body for future smooth cooperation and space exploration by APSCO.展开更多
Soil heavy metal pollution, influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors, significantly reduces environmental quality. In this study, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in eight different land-use soils from Patuakhal...Soil heavy metal pollution, influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors, significantly reduces environmental quality. In this study, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in eight different land-use soils from Patuakhali District in Bangladesh were assessed. Concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in soils were 1-87, 5-271, 4-181, 0-80, 0.2-24.0, and 5-276 mg kg-1, respectively, measured using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. The enrichment factor, pollution load index (PLI), and contamination factor (CJ) of metal i were used to assess the ecological risk posed by metals in soils. The PLI ranged from 0.78 to 2.66, indicating baseline levels to progressive deterioration of soil due to metal contamination. However, C;of Cd ranged from 1.8 to 12.0, which showed that the studied soils were strongly impacted by Cd. Considering the severity of the potential ecological risk of a single metal, the descending order was Cd > As > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cr. Soils under all land uses showed moderate to very high potential ecological risk.展开更多
文摘Competition among countries has evolved from just on Earth but into space as space technology and space power is a key attribute in the world today.Today space technology has spread,due to the enormous develop-ment,into every sector of life in the Earth for the beneft of mankind.Every country has the ambition to be a part of the space itiative.Asia Pacific Space Cooperation Organization(APSCO)is an organization that tries to promote space acivities through cooperation in the Asia Pacific region.This paper attempts to explore the nature and categories of potential conflict that may arise under the APSCO framework program.Furthermore,it also endeavors to establish an effective and better dispute settlement mechanism under the overal APSCO framework.Finally,this paper introduces the institutional framework and working procedures of the arbitration body for future smooth cooperation and space exploration by APSCO.
基金Prof. Dr. Mohammad Shams-Ud-Din (Vice Chancellor, PSTU), for his valuable suggestions, cooperation, and provision of funding to conduct this research
文摘Soil heavy metal pollution, influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors, significantly reduces environmental quality. In this study, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in eight different land-use soils from Patuakhali District in Bangladesh were assessed. Concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in soils were 1-87, 5-271, 4-181, 0-80, 0.2-24.0, and 5-276 mg kg-1, respectively, measured using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. The enrichment factor, pollution load index (PLI), and contamination factor (CJ) of metal i were used to assess the ecological risk posed by metals in soils. The PLI ranged from 0.78 to 2.66, indicating baseline levels to progressive deterioration of soil due to metal contamination. However, C;of Cd ranged from 1.8 to 12.0, which showed that the studied soils were strongly impacted by Cd. Considering the severity of the potential ecological risk of a single metal, the descending order was Cd > As > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cr. Soils under all land uses showed moderate to very high potential ecological risk.
