Two novel titanium compounds [（E）-N＇-（2,6-diisopropylphenyl）-N-（2-（4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl）phenyl）benzimidamido]titanium trichloride（1） and [N-（2-（4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrooxaz-ol-2-yl）phenyl...Two novel titanium compounds [（E）-N＇-（2,6-diisopropylphenyl）-N-（2-（4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl）phenyl）benzimidamido]titanium trichloride（1） and [N-（2-（4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrooxaz-ol-2-yl）phenyl）-6-（2,4,6-triisopropyl-phenyl） pyridin-2-amido]titanium trichloride（2） were synthesized by reacting the corresponding ligand with diethylaminetitaniumtrichloride in equal molar ratios. The compounds were characterized with 1H, 13 C NMR, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The geometry of both compounds is distorted octahedron. The three nitrogen and one chlorine atoms are in the equatorial plane. Compound 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic system, space group P212121 with a = 10.3520（4）, b = 16.5750（7）, c = 17.1530（7） , Z = 4 and V = 2943.2（2）3. Compound 2 crystalizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 15.6400（11）, b = 10.12.60（7）, c = 22.9120（14）, Z = 4 and V = 3558.5（4）3. The synthesized compounds were employed for ethylene polymerization catalysis. Both complexes showed moderate activity when activated with dry methylaluminoxane（d MAO） and complex 1 produced very high molecular weight polyethylene.展开更多
This study calculates the efficiency of Rural Health Centers (RHCs) and investigates the impact of other variables affecting the efficiency of RHCs. The study considers 29 RHCs, 13 of District Faisalabad, 9 of Toba an...This study calculates the efficiency of Rural Health Centers (RHCs) and investigates the impact of other variables affecting the efficiency of RHCs. The study considers 29 RHCs, 13 of District Faisalabad, 9 of Toba and 7 of Jhang;a survey was conducted to collect data from each RHC for the year 2016. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was utilized to get the scores for efficiency. Thereafter, after getting the results from DEA Tobit regression was used in the second stage. Out of the 29 Rural Health Centers, only 11 (38%) are working efficiently as compare to others. Distance from the tehsil headquarter, Distance from the road with “0” probability, Distance from private hospital with “0” probability, Behavior of the staff with “0.0064” probability and laboratory equipment’s with “0” probability, have an impact on the efficiency scores. Distance from other health facilitators, Staff’s behavior, list of medicine and equipment’s used at RHCs should be improved to increase the efficiency of RHC’s.展开更多
The evolutionary success of phytophagous insects depends on their ability toefficiently exploit plants as a source of energy for survival.Herbivorous insects largelydepend on the efficiency,flexibility,and diversity o...The evolutionary success of phytophagous insects depends on their ability toefficiently exploit plants as a source of energy for survival.Herbivorous insects largelydepend on the efficiency,flexibility,and diversity of their digestive physiology and sophistication of their detoxification system to use chemically diverse host plants as foodsources.The fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith),is a polyphagous pest ofmany commercially important crops.To elucidate the ability of this insect pest to adaptto host plant mechanisms,we evaluated the impact of primary(corn)and alternate(rice)host plants after 1l generations on gut digestive enzymatic activity and expression profiles of related genes.Results indicated that the total protease and classspecific trypsinand chymotrypsinlike protease activity of S.frugiperda significantly differed among hostplant treatments.The classspecifiq protease profiles greatly differed in S.frugiperdamidguts upon larval exposure to different treatments with inhibitors compared with treatments without inhibitors.Similarly,the single and cumulative effects of the enzymespecific inhibitors TLCK,TPCK,and E64 significantly increased larval mortality and reduced larval growth/mass across different plant treatments.Furthermore,the quantitativereverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results revealed increased transcription oftwo trypsin(SfTry3,SfTry7)and one chymotrypsin gene(Sfchym9),which indicatedthat they have roles in host plant adaptation.Knockdown of these genes resulted in significantly reduced mRNA expression levels of the trypsin genes.This was related to theincreased mortality observed in treatments compared with the dsRED control.This resultindicates possible roles of S.frugiperda gut digestive enzymes and related genes in hostplant adaptation.展开更多
基金supported by the Higher Education Commission(HEC),Govt.of Pakistan
文摘Two novel titanium compounds [（E）-N＇-（2,6-diisopropylphenyl）-N-（2-（4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl）phenyl）benzimidamido]titanium trichloride（1） and [N-（2-（4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrooxaz-ol-2-yl）phenyl）-6-（2,4,6-triisopropyl-phenyl） pyridin-2-amido]titanium trichloride（2） were synthesized by reacting the corresponding ligand with diethylaminetitaniumtrichloride in equal molar ratios. The compounds were characterized with 1H, 13 C NMR, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The geometry of both compounds is distorted octahedron. The three nitrogen and one chlorine atoms are in the equatorial plane. Compound 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic system, space group P212121 with a = 10.3520（4）, b = 16.5750（7）, c = 17.1530（7） , Z = 4 and V = 2943.2（2）3. Compound 2 crystalizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 15.6400（11）, b = 10.12.60（7）, c = 22.9120（14）, Z = 4 and V = 3558.5（4）3. The synthesized compounds were employed for ethylene polymerization catalysis. Both complexes showed moderate activity when activated with dry methylaluminoxane（d MAO） and complex 1 produced very high molecular weight polyethylene.
文摘This study calculates the efficiency of Rural Health Centers (RHCs) and investigates the impact of other variables affecting the efficiency of RHCs. The study considers 29 RHCs, 13 of District Faisalabad, 9 of Toba and 7 of Jhang;a survey was conducted to collect data from each RHC for the year 2016. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was utilized to get the scores for efficiency. Thereafter, after getting the results from DEA Tobit regression was used in the second stage. Out of the 29 Rural Health Centers, only 11 (38%) are working efficiently as compare to others. Distance from the tehsil headquarter, Distance from the road with “0” probability, Distance from private hospital with “0” probability, Behavior of the staff with “0.0064” probability and laboratory equipment’s with “0” probability, have an impact on the efficiency scores. Distance from other health facilitators, Staff’s behavior, list of medicine and equipment’s used at RHCs should be improved to increase the efficiency of RHC’s.
基金the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2020C02003)the Shanghai Innovation Project for Agricultural Promotion(2019N3-9)+1 种基金the Joint Agricultural Project between Pinghu County and Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(PH20190002)Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science foundation(233952).
文摘The evolutionary success of phytophagous insects depends on their ability toefficiently exploit plants as a source of energy for survival.Herbivorous insects largelydepend on the efficiency,flexibility,and diversity of their digestive physiology and sophistication of their detoxification system to use chemically diverse host plants as foodsources.The fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith),is a polyphagous pest ofmany commercially important crops.To elucidate the ability of this insect pest to adaptto host plant mechanisms,we evaluated the impact of primary(corn)and alternate(rice)host plants after 1l generations on gut digestive enzymatic activity and expression profiles of related genes.Results indicated that the total protease and classspecific trypsinand chymotrypsinlike protease activity of S.frugiperda significantly differed among hostplant treatments.The classspecifiq protease profiles greatly differed in S.frugiperdamidguts upon larval exposure to different treatments with inhibitors compared with treatments without inhibitors.Similarly,the single and cumulative effects of the enzymespecific inhibitors TLCK,TPCK,and E64 significantly increased larval mortality and reduced larval growth/mass across different plant treatments.Furthermore,the quantitativereverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results revealed increased transcription oftwo trypsin(SfTry3,SfTry7)and one chymotrypsin gene(Sfchym9),which indicatedthat they have roles in host plant adaptation.Knockdown of these genes resulted in significantly reduced mRNA expression levels of the trypsin genes.This was related to theincreased mortality observed in treatments compared with the dsRED control.This resultindicates possible roles of S.frugiperda gut digestive enzymes and related genes in hostplant adaptation.
