清末民初徽州京庄茶商经营实态研究——以吴炽甫京茶庄商业账簿为中心

清末民初,歙县吴炽甫在家乡开设茶号,收购、加工茶叶,运到天津和营口茶庄批发,销往京、津、东北等地。黄山市档案局(馆)藏吴炽甫京茶庄商业账簿,始于清光绪十三年,迄于民国八年,类型多样,内容丰富,详细记载了吴炽甫京茶庄茶叶收购、加工、贩运等经营活动,较为具体地呈现了茶庄产供销一体化经营体系和组织化经营的实际形态;揭示了徽州茶商在近代市场条件下经营方式出现的新变化,也反映了阻碍茶叶贸易行业进一步发展的社会因素。

Time-delayed bilateral teleoperation using wave variable with prediction in three channel control architecture

This paper proposes a novel method for incorporating wave domain prediction in a three-channel(3CH)architecture,which is the optimal architecture from a transparency point of view,to overcome the poor transparency problem of using the wave variable method in a time-delay teleoperation system.A 3CH teleoperation control architecture is established by selecting parameters of the 4CH architecture sensibly for the system without force sensor in the master side.The communication channel is divided into a two-port model by combining force and velocity information reasonably to extend the wave variable method to a 3CH architecture.Then the I/O signal of the two-port model is transformed into wave variable.A predictor is added to the wave domain of the master side to further improve the transparency of the system,and a regulator is designed to ensure the passivity of the predictor.Experimental results show that the proposed method can guarantee stability and improve the transparency of the teleoperation system with time-delay.

始迁祖历史形象的建构与塑造——以徽州程氏家族始迁祖程元谭为例

两宋时期,徽州程氏家族通过编修家谱、建构谱系的方式,初步确立了程元谭的始迁祖历史形象;元代,又通过寻找程元谭墓地等活动,添加了程元谭官衔、治理地方业绩以及墓葬地点等信息,使之形象历史化。明清时期,通过完善程元谭传记、确认墓地产权、世忠庙修造祭祀神像等形式,最终完成了程元谭历史形象的定型。宋元明清时期正是徽州宗族形成与发展时期,因此程元谭历史形象层累地建构的历史过程,一定程度上反映了徽州宗族形成与发展的历史。

同治年间的婚嫁记事账簿--《夫荣子贵》

明清时期徽州的婚嫁礼仪隆重,婚俗复杂多样。从已有的徽州婚俗研究成果来看.多是明清徽州婚嫁礼仪的静态研究,对婚姻缔结过程的实态研究,尤其是利用文书档案对婚嫁礼仪与礼物交换的研究则较为少见①。《夫荣子贵》系同治三年(1864)许姓徽商家庭所立婚嫁记事账簿.较为完整系统地记载了嫁女历经的议婚、行聘、嫁娶、回门等婚嫁仪式,以及双方家庭、亲友围绕婚事进行的礼物交换,保留了婚姻缔结与礼物交换的实际形态。