Parkinson’s disease(PD),characterized by loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons,is one of the most predominant neurodegenerative diseases affecting the elderly population worldwide.The concept of stem cell therap...Parkinson’s disease(PD),characterized by loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons,is one of the most predominant neurodegenerative diseases affecting the elderly population worldwide.The concept of stem cell therapy in managing neurodegenerative diseases has evolved over the years and has recently rapidly progressed.Neural stem cells(NSCs)have a few key features,including selfrenewal,proliferation,and multipotency,which make them a promising agent targeting neurodegeneration.It is generally agreed that challenges for NSC-based therapy are present at every stage of the transplantation process,including preoperative cell preparation and quality control,perioperative procedures,and postoperative graft preservation,adherence,and overall therapy success.In this review,we provided a comprehensive,careful,and critical discussion of experimental and clinical data alongside the pros and cons of NSC-based therapy in PD.Given the state-of-the-art accomplishments of stem cell therapy,gene therapy,and nanotechnology,we shed light on the perspective of complementing the advantages of each process by developing nano-stem cell therapy,which is currently a research hotspot.Although various obstacles and challenges remain,nano-stem cell therapy holds promise to cure PD,however,continuous improvement and development from the stage of laboratory experiments to the clinical application are necessary.展开更多
Human coronavirus infection getting into the brain:By February 2022,the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection,causing the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak,has infected around 4...Human coronavirus infection getting into the brain:By February 2022,the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection,causing the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak,has infected around 415 million people,and caused~5.8 million deaths worldwide(WHO,https://covid19.who.int/).As SARS-CoV-2 replicates during the infection,it undergoes genetic mutation to generate variants with varying characteristics and mutation frequencies.The emerging,over time,new variants that differ with transmissibility,immunity,and infection severity pose continuous challenges to established COVID-19 management strategies and regulations.Several SARS-CoV-2 variants such as Omicron(B.1.1.529),Delta(B.1.617.2),UK(B.1.17),South Africa(B.1.351),Brazil(P.1),and New York B.1.525-B.1.526 were detected worldwide and accelerated severity of COVID-19 pandemic(Figure 1A;McQuaid et al.,2021).展开更多
Towards implanted deep brain stimulation(D B S):The human brain i s a complex network of 86 billion neurons and 85 billion nonneuronal cells and they are coordinated in a well-defined ratio(1:1)which is required for d...Towards implanted deep brain stimulation(D B S):The human brain i s a complex network of 86 billion neurons and 85 billion nonneuronal cells and they are coordinated in a well-defined ratio(1:1)which is required for desired body functions.The connectivity among neuronal cells secretes neurotransmitters(e.g.,dopamine)to establish a perfect connection between the brain and a peripheral system i.e.,motor coordination.展开更多
The chloromethyl groups have been introduced into commercial S/DVB copolymer matrixes via interpenetratingpolymer networks (IPN) synthesis. The procedure involves impregnation of the Amberlite XAD-4 adsorbent,with use...The chloromethyl groups have been introduced into commercial S/DVB copolymer matrixes via interpenetratingpolymer networks (IPN) synthesis. The procedure involves impregnation of the Amberlite XAD-4 adsorbent,with use of the vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) and divinylbenzene (DVB) monomers mixture, and suspensionpolymerization process. The syntheses were evaluated by FT-IR spectra and SEM analyses and furthermore bychlorine content determination as well as characterization of porous structure by nitrogen adsorption at liquid nitrogentemperature. Designed synthesis approach allowed determining organic and water phases composition. Furthermore,impact of an excess of the organic phase removal method has been investigated. Basing on the obtainedresults it could be stated that the chloromethyl groups, derived from VBC monomer, were successfully introducedinto the XAD-4 structure. Captured SEM images revealed significant changes in the beads’ surface morphology afterpolymerization processes. The presented studies reveal designed and executed synthesis processes, which involvethe use of a proper water phase and excess of organic phase removal. Observed changes in the beads’ morphologysuggest that introduced functionalities are concentrated on the porous surface of the XAD-4 adsorbent.展开更多
基金Supported by Narodowe Centrum Nauki,No.2021/42/E/NZ7/00246.
文摘Parkinson’s disease(PD),characterized by loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons,is one of the most predominant neurodegenerative diseases affecting the elderly population worldwide.The concept of stem cell therapy in managing neurodegenerative diseases has evolved over the years and has recently rapidly progressed.Neural stem cells(NSCs)have a few key features,including selfrenewal,proliferation,and multipotency,which make them a promising agent targeting neurodegeneration.It is generally agreed that challenges for NSC-based therapy are present at every stage of the transplantation process,including preoperative cell preparation and quality control,perioperative procedures,and postoperative graft preservation,adherence,and overall therapy success.In this review,we provided a comprehensive,careful,and critical discussion of experimental and clinical data alongside the pros and cons of NSC-based therapy in PD.Given the state-of-the-art accomplishments of stem cell therapy,gene therapy,and nanotechnology,we shed light on the perspective of complementing the advantages of each process by developing nano-stem cell therapy,which is currently a research hotspot.Although various obstacles and challenges remain,nano-stem cell therapy holds promise to cure PD,however,continuous improvement and development from the stage of laboratory experiments to the clinical application are necessary.
文摘Human coronavirus infection getting into the brain:By February 2022,the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection,causing the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak,has infected around 415 million people,and caused~5.8 million deaths worldwide(WHO,https://covid19.who.int/).As SARS-CoV-2 replicates during the infection,it undergoes genetic mutation to generate variants with varying characteristics and mutation frequencies.The emerging,over time,new variants that differ with transmissibility,immunity,and infection severity pose continuous challenges to established COVID-19 management strategies and regulations.Several SARS-CoV-2 variants such as Omicron(B.1.1.529),Delta(B.1.617.2),UK(B.1.17),South Africa(B.1.351),Brazil(P.1),and New York B.1.525-B.1.526 were detected worldwide and accelerated severity of COVID-19 pandemic(Figure 1A;McQuaid et al.,2021).
基金Authors acknowledge respective affiliated institutions for providing facilities and support.
文摘Towards implanted deep brain stimulation(D B S):The human brain i s a complex network of 86 billion neurons and 85 billion nonneuronal cells and they are coordinated in a well-defined ratio(1:1)which is required for desired body functions.The connectivity among neuronal cells secretes neurotransmitters(e.g.,dopamine)to establish a perfect connection between the brain and a peripheral system i.e.,motor coordination.
文摘The chloromethyl groups have been introduced into commercial S/DVB copolymer matrixes via interpenetratingpolymer networks (IPN) synthesis. The procedure involves impregnation of the Amberlite XAD-4 adsorbent,with use of the vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) and divinylbenzene (DVB) monomers mixture, and suspensionpolymerization process. The syntheses were evaluated by FT-IR spectra and SEM analyses and furthermore bychlorine content determination as well as characterization of porous structure by nitrogen adsorption at liquid nitrogentemperature. Designed synthesis approach allowed determining organic and water phases composition. Furthermore,impact of an excess of the organic phase removal method has been investigated. Basing on the obtainedresults it could be stated that the chloromethyl groups, derived from VBC monomer, were successfully introducedinto the XAD-4 structure. Captured SEM images revealed significant changes in the beads’ surface morphology afterpolymerization processes. The presented studies reveal designed and executed synthesis processes, which involvethe use of a proper water phase and excess of organic phase removal. Observed changes in the beads’ morphologysuggest that introduced functionalities are concentrated on the porous surface of the XAD-4 adsorbent.
