Stem cells are defined by their capacity for both self-renewal and directed differentiation; thus, they represent great promise for regenerative medicine. Historically, stem cells have been categorized as either embry...Stem cells are defined by their capacity for both self-renewal and directed differentiation; thus, they represent great promise for regenerative medicine. Historically, stem cells have been categorized as either embryonic stem cells （ESCs） or adult stem cells （ASCs）. It was previously believed that only ESCs hold the ability to differentiate into any cell type, whereas ASCs have the capacity to give rise only to cells of a given germ layer. More recently, however, numerous studies demonstrated the ability of ASCs to differentiate into cell types beyond their tissue origin. The aim of this review was to summarize contemporary evidence regarding stem cell availability, differentiation, and more specifically, the potential of these cells in the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction （ED） in both animal models and human research. We performed a search on PubMed for articles related to definition, iocalisation and circulation of stem cells as well as the application of stem cells in both diagnosis and treatment of ED. Strong evidence supports the concept that stem cell therapy is potentially the next therapeutic approach for ED. To date, a large spectrum of stem cells, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, adipose tissue-derived stem cells and muscle-derived stem cells, have been investigated for neural, vascular, endothelial or smooth muscle regeneration in animal models for ED. In addition, several subtypes of ASCs are localized in the penis, and circulating endogenous stem cells can be employed to predict the outcome of ED and ED-related cardiovascular diseases.展开更多
Two cases of penile metastasis from primary prostate cancer in a single center are presented,along with a literature review and description of the excision technique.Despite its rich vascularization,penile metastasis ...Two cases of penile metastasis from primary prostate cancer in a single center are presented,along with a literature review and description of the excision technique.Despite its rich vascularization,penile metastasis is rare,with 72 new cases from September 2006 to March 2021.There is a wide variety of diagnoses,treatments,and prognoses for penile metastatic lesions.Ga-68 prostatespecific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography is the most sensitive imaging tool for detecting metastasis from primary prostate cancer.Magnetic resonance imaging of the penis is the most reliable technique for differentiating penile lesions.Histological diagnosis is mostly performed using fine-needle biopsy aspiration.Metastasis-directed treatment is not considered to contribute to prolonged survival.Local treatment is feasible and can be offered to symptomatic patients.Owing to a heterogeneous group,defining overall survival is difficult.Survival until 46months after detecting penile metastases is described.展开更多
For both primary and metastatic renal cell carcinoma(RCC),treatment with stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT)has found its way into clinical practice.Being a non-invasive outpatient procedure,SBRT requires only a few ...For both primary and metastatic renal cell carcinoma(RCC),treatment with stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT)has found its way into clinical practice.Being a non-invasive outpatient procedure,SBRT requires only a few visits to the radiation department and may be of interest for the elderly or,in the case of primary RCC,for patients who are not considered surgical candidates due to technical limitations,medical comorbidities,or in the event that the maintenance of kidney function is compromised.In the treatment landscape of oligometastatic RCC,SBRT shows promise in eradicating metastatic disease and delaying the initiation of systemic treatment.Technical advancements in the planning and administration of radiation treatment and improvements in movement management allow irradiating the tumor and/or metastatic lesions with very high doses in few fractions while maximally sparing the surrounding organs at risk,thus minimizing toxicity.In that context,the increasing availability of particle therapy,such as proton beam radiotherapy or carbon ion radiotherapy,could further optimize the delivery of radiation treatment in order to reduce toxicity and improve outcome.展开更多
文摘Stem cells are defined by their capacity for both self-renewal and directed differentiation; thus, they represent great promise for regenerative medicine. Historically, stem cells have been categorized as either embryonic stem cells （ESCs） or adult stem cells （ASCs）. It was previously believed that only ESCs hold the ability to differentiate into any cell type, whereas ASCs have the capacity to give rise only to cells of a given germ layer. More recently, however, numerous studies demonstrated the ability of ASCs to differentiate into cell types beyond their tissue origin. The aim of this review was to summarize contemporary evidence regarding stem cell availability, differentiation, and more specifically, the potential of these cells in the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction （ED） in both animal models and human research. We performed a search on PubMed for articles related to definition, iocalisation and circulation of stem cells as well as the application of stem cells in both diagnosis and treatment of ED. Strong evidence supports the concept that stem cell therapy is potentially the next therapeutic approach for ED. To date, a large spectrum of stem cells, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, adipose tissue-derived stem cells and muscle-derived stem cells, have been investigated for neural, vascular, endothelial or smooth muscle regeneration in animal models for ED. In addition, several subtypes of ASCs are localized in the penis, and circulating endogenous stem cells can be employed to predict the outcome of ED and ED-related cardiovascular diseases.
文摘Two cases of penile metastasis from primary prostate cancer in a single center are presented,along with a literature review and description of the excision technique.Despite its rich vascularization,penile metastasis is rare,with 72 new cases from September 2006 to March 2021.There is a wide variety of diagnoses,treatments,and prognoses for penile metastatic lesions.Ga-68 prostatespecific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography is the most sensitive imaging tool for detecting metastasis from primary prostate cancer.Magnetic resonance imaging of the penis is the most reliable technique for differentiating penile lesions.Histological diagnosis is mostly performed using fine-needle biopsy aspiration.Metastasis-directed treatment is not considered to contribute to prolonged survival.Local treatment is feasible and can be offered to symptomatic patients.Owing to a heterogeneous group,defining overall survival is difficult.Survival until 46months after detecting penile metastases is described.
文摘For both primary and metastatic renal cell carcinoma(RCC),treatment with stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT)has found its way into clinical practice.Being a non-invasive outpatient procedure,SBRT requires only a few visits to the radiation department and may be of interest for the elderly or,in the case of primary RCC,for patients who are not considered surgical candidates due to technical limitations,medical comorbidities,or in the event that the maintenance of kidney function is compromised.In the treatment landscape of oligometastatic RCC,SBRT shows promise in eradicating metastatic disease and delaying the initiation of systemic treatment.Technical advancements in the planning and administration of radiation treatment and improvements in movement management allow irradiating the tumor and/or metastatic lesions with very high doses in few fractions while maximally sparing the surrounding organs at risk,thus minimizing toxicity.In that context,the increasing availability of particle therapy,such as proton beam radiotherapy or carbon ion radiotherapy,could further optimize the delivery of radiation treatment in order to reduce toxicity and improve outcome.
