Molecular phylogenies using 1–4 gene regions and information on ecology,morphology and pigment chemistry were used in a partial revision of the agaric family Hygrophoraceae.The phylogenetically supported genera we re...Molecular phylogenies using 1–4 gene regions and information on ecology,morphology and pigment chemistry were used in a partial revision of the agaric family Hygrophoraceae.The phylogenetically supported genera we recognize here in the Hygrophoraceae based on these and previous analyses are:Acantholichen,Ampulloclitocybe,Arrhenia,Cantharellula,Cantharocybe,Chromosera,Chrysomphalina,Cora,Corella,Cuphophyllus,Cyphellostereum,Dictyonema,Eonema,Gliophorus,Haasiella,Humidicutis,Hygroaster,Hygrocybe,Hygrophorus,Lichenomphalia,Neohygrocybe,Porpolomopsis and Pseudoarmillariella.A new genus that is sister to Chromosera is described as Gloioxanthomyces.Revisions were made at the ranks of subfamily,tribe,genus,subgenus,section and subsection.We present three new subfamilies,eight tribes(five new),eight subgenera(one new,one new combination and one stat.nov.),26 sections(five new and three new combinations and two stat.nov.)and 14 subsections(two new,two stat.nov.).Species of Chromosera,Gliophorus,Humidicutis,and Neohygrocybe are often treated within the genus Hygrocybe;we therefore provide valid names in both classification systems.We used a minimalist approach in transferring genera and creating new names and combinations.Consequently,we retain in the Hygrophoraceae the basal cuphophylloid grade comprising the genera Cuphophyllus,Ampulloclitocybe andCantharocybe,despite weak phylogenetic support.We include Aeruginospora and Semiomphalina in Hygrophoraceae based on morphology though molecular data are lacking.The lower hygrophoroid clade is basal to Hygrophoraceae s.s.,comprising the genera Aphroditeola,Macrotyphula,Phyllotopsis,Pleurocybella,Sarcomyxa,Tricholomopsis and Typhula.展开更多
Fungi play vital roles in ecosystems as endophytes,pathogens and saprobes.The current estimate of fungal diversity is highly uncertain,ranging from 1.5 to 12 million,but only around 150,000 species have been named and...Fungi play vital roles in ecosystems as endophytes,pathogens and saprobes.The current estimate of fungal diversity is highly uncertain,ranging from 1.5 to 12 million,but only around 150,000 species have been named and classified to date.Since the introduction of DNA based methods for species identification,the number of newly described taxa has increased from approximately 1000 to around 2000 yearly.This demonstrates the importance of DNA based methods to identify and distin-guish species,especially cryptic species.Many novel species from recent studies have been found in historically understudied regions and habitats,but these still represent only a small percentage of the estimated species.In this paper,we examine 16 genera from the top 40 most speciose genera as listed in Species Fungorum as case studies to examine the diversity of taxa in each genus.The genera treated herein are Cercospora,Diaporthe,Meliola,Passalora,Phyllachora,Phyllosticta,Pseudocer-cospora,Ramularia(ascomycetes)and Cortinarius,Entoloma,Inocybe,Marasmius,Psathyrella,Puccinia,Russula,Uromyces(basidiomycetes).We critically evaluate the number of species in these genera and correlate these numbers with the number of entries in GenBank.We introduce 18 new species Apiospora multiloculata,Candolleomyces thailandensis,Cortinarius acutoproximus,Cortinarius melleoalbus,Cortinarius pacificus,Cortinarius parvoacetosus,Diaporthe guizhouensis,Entoloma pseudosubcorvinum,Inocybe meirensongia,Marasmius albulus,Marasmius obscuroaurantiacus,Meliola camporesii,Phyl-lachora siamensis,Phyllosticta doitungensis,Picipes yuxiensis,Pseudocercospora vignae,Puccinia maureanui and Russula inornata.We also introduce a new record of Candolleomyces cladii-marisci and Inocybe iringolkavensis.We discuss the genera Colletotrichum and Pleurotus that are speciose,but do not occur in the top 40.We hypothesize whether there might be more species in these genera and discuss why these genera have some of the largest number of species.展开更多
基金This work was not directly supported by grants,but the following grants were essential in obtaining collections and some sequences used in this work:US NSF Biodiversity Surveys and Inventories Program grants to the Research Foundation of the State University of New York,College at Cortland(DEB-9525902 and DEB-0103621),in collaboration with the USDA-Forest Service,Center for Forest Mycology Research,Forest Products Laboratory in Madison supported collecting in Belize,the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico.US NSF grant DBI 6338699 to K.W.Hughes and R.H.Peterson at the University of Tennessee,Knoxville supported collecting by E.Lickey,D.J.Lodge,K.W.Hughes,R.Kerrigan,A.Methven,V.P.Hustedt,P.B.Matheny and R.H.Petersen in the Great Smoky Mountain National Park,and sequencing by K.W.Hughes and Lickey.A National Geographic Society’s Committee for Research and Exploration grant to T.J.Baroni(SUNY Cortland)supported the 2007 expedition to Doyle’s Delight in Belize by M.C.Aime,T.J.Baroni and D.J.Lodge.An Explorer’s Club,Washington Group Exploration and Field Research Grant to M.C.Aime and a National Geographic Society’s Committee for Research and Exploration grant to T.Henkel supported collecting in Guyana.
文摘Molecular phylogenies using 1–4 gene regions and information on ecology,morphology and pigment chemistry were used in a partial revision of the agaric family Hygrophoraceae.The phylogenetically supported genera we recognize here in the Hygrophoraceae based on these and previous analyses are:Acantholichen,Ampulloclitocybe,Arrhenia,Cantharellula,Cantharocybe,Chromosera,Chrysomphalina,Cora,Corella,Cuphophyllus,Cyphellostereum,Dictyonema,Eonema,Gliophorus,Haasiella,Humidicutis,Hygroaster,Hygrocybe,Hygrophorus,Lichenomphalia,Neohygrocybe,Porpolomopsis and Pseudoarmillariella.A new genus that is sister to Chromosera is described as Gloioxanthomyces.Revisions were made at the ranks of subfamily,tribe,genus,subgenus,section and subsection.We present three new subfamilies,eight tribes(five new),eight subgenera(one new,one new combination and one stat.nov.),26 sections(five new and three new combinations and two stat.nov.)and 14 subsections(two new,two stat.nov.).Species of Chromosera,Gliophorus,Humidicutis,and Neohygrocybe are often treated within the genus Hygrocybe;we therefore provide valid names in both classification systems.We used a minimalist approach in transferring genera and creating new names and combinations.Consequently,we retain in the Hygrophoraceae the basal cuphophylloid grade comprising the genera Cuphophyllus,Ampulloclitocybe andCantharocybe,despite weak phylogenetic support.We include Aeruginospora and Semiomphalina in Hygrophoraceae based on morphology though molecular data are lacking.The lower hygrophoroid clade is basal to Hygrophoraceae s.s.,comprising the genera Aphroditeola,Macrotyphula,Phyllotopsis,Pleurocybella,Sarcomyxa,Tricholomopsis and Typhula.
基金funded by the Thailand Research Fund,grant RDG6130001,titled“Impact of climate change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the Greater Mekong Subregion”.
文摘Fungi play vital roles in ecosystems as endophytes,pathogens and saprobes.The current estimate of fungal diversity is highly uncertain,ranging from 1.5 to 12 million,but only around 150,000 species have been named and classified to date.Since the introduction of DNA based methods for species identification,the number of newly described taxa has increased from approximately 1000 to around 2000 yearly.This demonstrates the importance of DNA based methods to identify and distin-guish species,especially cryptic species.Many novel species from recent studies have been found in historically understudied regions and habitats,but these still represent only a small percentage of the estimated species.In this paper,we examine 16 genera from the top 40 most speciose genera as listed in Species Fungorum as case studies to examine the diversity of taxa in each genus.The genera treated herein are Cercospora,Diaporthe,Meliola,Passalora,Phyllachora,Phyllosticta,Pseudocer-cospora,Ramularia(ascomycetes)and Cortinarius,Entoloma,Inocybe,Marasmius,Psathyrella,Puccinia,Russula,Uromyces(basidiomycetes).We critically evaluate the number of species in these genera and correlate these numbers with the number of entries in GenBank.We introduce 18 new species Apiospora multiloculata,Candolleomyces thailandensis,Cortinarius acutoproximus,Cortinarius melleoalbus,Cortinarius pacificus,Cortinarius parvoacetosus,Diaporthe guizhouensis,Entoloma pseudosubcorvinum,Inocybe meirensongia,Marasmius albulus,Marasmius obscuroaurantiacus,Meliola camporesii,Phyl-lachora siamensis,Phyllosticta doitungensis,Picipes yuxiensis,Pseudocercospora vignae,Puccinia maureanui and Russula inornata.We also introduce a new record of Candolleomyces cladii-marisci and Inocybe iringolkavensis.We discuss the genera Colletotrichum and Pleurotus that are speciose,but do not occur in the top 40.We hypothesize whether there might be more species in these genera and discuss why these genera have some of the largest number of species.
