The Caspian basin for a long time did not have a legal status, so the question of the division of the seabed was in question. In addition, international conventions such as MARPOL, UNCLOS, BWM did not have jurisdictio...The Caspian basin for a long time did not have a legal status, so the question of the division of the seabed was in question. In addition, international conventions such as MARPOL, UNCLOS, BWM did not have jurisdiction over Caspian waters. Due to the lack of general rules regarding the Caspian basin, the risk of pollution from ballast water and sewage discharges remains relevant due to the active shipping industry. But on August 12, 2018, the leaders of littoral states signed the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea, although the situation remains complicated. Thus, in the manuscript the authors provide the first insight into the issues of sewage and ballast water in the Caspian, and the role of oil and natural gas in the regional development.展开更多
The efficiency of 8 seaports in the Kingdom of Morocco region was evaluated. Two associated studies were conducted based on data collected for 4 years (2014-2017), Standard Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method was u...The efficiency of 8 seaports in the Kingdom of Morocco region was evaluated. Two associated studies were conducted based on data collected for 4 years (2014-2017), Standard Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method was used in the first analysis through CCR and BCC models, and thus a scale of efficiency analysis was used in a second analysis. By using both methods, enhanced insight into the efficiency situation is collected, proving subsequently that a majority of the container ports and terminals in the Kingdom of Morocco are found to be technically inefficient. The research concludes through returns to scale method how port resources should be utilized in the aim to impulse inefficient ports perform better.展开更多
文摘The Caspian basin for a long time did not have a legal status, so the question of the division of the seabed was in question. In addition, international conventions such as MARPOL, UNCLOS, BWM did not have jurisdiction over Caspian waters. Due to the lack of general rules regarding the Caspian basin, the risk of pollution from ballast water and sewage discharges remains relevant due to the active shipping industry. But on August 12, 2018, the leaders of littoral states signed the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea, although the situation remains complicated. Thus, in the manuscript the authors provide the first insight into the issues of sewage and ballast water in the Caspian, and the role of oil and natural gas in the regional development.
文摘The efficiency of 8 seaports in the Kingdom of Morocco region was evaluated. Two associated studies were conducted based on data collected for 4 years (2014-2017), Standard Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method was used in the first analysis through CCR and BCC models, and thus a scale of efficiency analysis was used in a second analysis. By using both methods, enhanced insight into the efficiency situation is collected, proving subsequently that a majority of the container ports and terminals in the Kingdom of Morocco are found to be technically inefficient. The research concludes through returns to scale method how port resources should be utilized in the aim to impulse inefficient ports perform better.
