The effect of head and facial massage on sleep condition after coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Background:Sleep disorders after heart surgery lead to increased heart rate,myocardial oxygen demand,and cause dysrhythmia that worsens heart ischemia.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of head and facial massage on sleep conditions following coronary artery bypass graft surgery.Materials and methods:A randomized controlled trial was performed on 72 patients.They were randomly divided into interventional(n=36)and control groups(n=36).On the third to fifth day after the operation,head and the facial massage were done for 15 min in the intervention group.The patients in the control group received only routine care.Richard Campbell’s Sleep Questionnaire was completed for four consecutive days for each group.Data were analyzed in SPSS V26.Results:Mean scores for sleep conditions before the intervention no statistically significant difference seen between the two groups(P>0.05).After the intervention,there was a statistically significant difference between mean scores for sleep conditions of the interventional and control groups(P<0.001).Also with general estimated equation test compared mean scores for sleep conditions between two groups.That revealed sleep condition total score in the intervention group was more than the control group and the trend of changes over time was statistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusion:Head and facial massage is an effective nursing intervention in improving the sleep condition of patients after coronary artery bypass graft.Due to the fact that head and face massage is an easy method and brings patient satisfaction,it is recommended to use this method as a suitable supplement for drug therapy and postoperative interventions in these patients.

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Mazandaran province, Iran

Objective:To determine the seroprevalance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2)antibodies in the general population of Mazandaran province in Iran and to estimate the percentage of asymptomatic,mild,and severe infections.Methods:We chose 1588 inhabitants of Mazandaran province with cluster sampling.We measured their SARS-Co V-2 immunoglobulin M(Ig M)and immunoglobulin G(Ig G)serum levels.Demographics,risk factors,and symptoms were collected.The seroprevalence of SARS-Co V-2 was calculated by age and city and the World Health Organization(WHO)protocol and further stratified by demographic variables and risk factors.Finally,we identified the symptoms and factors related to COVID-19 with logistic regression.Results:Two hundred subjects(12.59%)were tested positive for either Ig G or Ig M.Until May 23,2020,the prevalence of COVID-19 was 15.26%(95%CI:12.97%-17.79%)based on direct standardization and WHO’s standardized age groups.Based on multivariate logistic regression,the incidence of getting an infection increased by an average of 11.6%for every 10-year increase in age(OR=1.116,95%CI:1.008-1.236,P=0.035).Furthermore,those in contact with COVID-19 patients had a 66.1%higher risk of developing the disease(OR=1.661,95%CI:1.104-2.497,P=0.015).In addition,the chance of getting SARS-Co V-2 infection was almost four times higher in people who had consulted a doctor during the pandemic than those who had not(OR=3.942,95%CI:2.813-5.524,P<0.001).Conclusions:The prevalence of COVID-19 in Mazandaran province could be higher than the officially reported statistics based on diagnostic tests and clinical cases.There seems to be more asymptomatic or mild symptom cases than what was previously reported.