The precise seismic substructural interpretation of the Turkwal oil field in the Central Potwar region of district Chakwal of Pakistan has been carried out. The research work was confined to the large fore-thrust that...The precise seismic substructural interpretation of the Turkwal oil field in the Central Potwar region of district Chakwal of Pakistan has been carried out. The research work was confined to the large fore-thrust that serves as an anticlinal structural trap through ten 2 D seismic lines. A precise seismic substructural model of the Eocene Chorgali Limestone with precise orientation of thrust and oblique slip faults shows the presence of a huge fracture, which made this deposit a good reservoir. The abrupt surface changes in dip azimuth for the Eocene Chorgali Limestone verifies the structural trends and also the presence of structural traps in the Turkwal field. The logs of three wells(Turkwal deep X-2, Turkwal-01 and Fimkassar-01) were analyzed for petrophysical studies, well synthetic results and generation of an Amplitude Versus Offset(AVO) model for the area. The AVO model of Turkwal deep X-2 shows abrupt changes in amplitude, which depicts the presence of hydrocarbon content. Well correlation technique was used to define the overall stratigraphic setting and the thickness of the reservoir formation in two wells, Turkwal-01 and Turkwal deep X-2. The Eocene Chorgali Limestone in Turkwal-01 is an upward thrusted anticlinal structure and because of the close position of both wells to the faulted anticlinal structure, its lesser thickness differs compared to Turkwal deep X-2. The overall results confirm that the Turkwal field is comparable to several similar thrust-bound oil-bearing structures in the Potwar basin.展开更多
Background The neutron activation analysis(NAA)is a very powerful method for multi-element analysis of samples.NAA technique needs to be developed for low neutron flux in millicuries using the 241Am-Be neutron source....Background The neutron activation analysis(NAA)is a very powerful method for multi-element analysis of samples.NAA technique needs to be developed for low neutron flux in millicuries using the 241Am-Be neutron source.Aims To optimize sample and neutron source geometry for maximumγ-ray yield for neutron activation analysis.Method Gamma ray neutron activation analysis(NAA)has been set up where a 50-millicurie Am-Be neutron source is available.In this experimental setup,the neutron source is placed at the center of a cylindrical water tank of 40 x 40 cm in xyz plan,and thermal neutrons are produced at a distance of 1.2 cm from the source.The system is used for the activation analysis of sodium carbonate,sodium chloride and copper with the gamma ray emissions of 1.37,1.73,2.25 and 2.76 MeV for 24Na and 0.511 MeV for 64Cu having half lives of 15 hrs and 12.9 hrs,respectively.The thermal neutron activation analysis has been demonstrated by placing the samples at about 1.2 cm from the neutron source.HPGe and 3x3 inch NaI(Tl)gamma ray spectrometers have been used for the gamma ray spectrometry of these activated samples with the use of a Marinelli beaker.The geometry of the sample with respect to the neutron source has been optimized for the maximumγ-ray yield in NAA.Conclusion The geometry of the sample with respect to the neutron source has been optimized for the maximumγ-ray yield in NAA.The increase in gamma ray flux distribution in the medium of water,due to the neutron source inside the tank,has been observed by a GM detector which is due to the production of short-lived 16N on activation of 16O in water.This system can also be used for promptγ-ray analysis.展开更多
文摘The precise seismic substructural interpretation of the Turkwal oil field in the Central Potwar region of district Chakwal of Pakistan has been carried out. The research work was confined to the large fore-thrust that serves as an anticlinal structural trap through ten 2 D seismic lines. A precise seismic substructural model of the Eocene Chorgali Limestone with precise orientation of thrust and oblique slip faults shows the presence of a huge fracture, which made this deposit a good reservoir. The abrupt surface changes in dip azimuth for the Eocene Chorgali Limestone verifies the structural trends and also the presence of structural traps in the Turkwal field. The logs of three wells(Turkwal deep X-2, Turkwal-01 and Fimkassar-01) were analyzed for petrophysical studies, well synthetic results and generation of an Amplitude Versus Offset(AVO) model for the area. The AVO model of Turkwal deep X-2 shows abrupt changes in amplitude, which depicts the presence of hydrocarbon content. Well correlation technique was used to define the overall stratigraphic setting and the thickness of the reservoir formation in two wells, Turkwal-01 and Turkwal deep X-2. The Eocene Chorgali Limestone in Turkwal-01 is an upward thrusted anticlinal structure and because of the close position of both wells to the faulted anticlinal structure, its lesser thickness differs compared to Turkwal deep X-2. The overall results confirm that the Turkwal field is comparable to several similar thrust-bound oil-bearing structures in the Potwar basin.
文摘Background The neutron activation analysis(NAA)is a very powerful method for multi-element analysis of samples.NAA technique needs to be developed for low neutron flux in millicuries using the 241Am-Be neutron source.Aims To optimize sample and neutron source geometry for maximumγ-ray yield for neutron activation analysis.Method Gamma ray neutron activation analysis(NAA)has been set up where a 50-millicurie Am-Be neutron source is available.In this experimental setup,the neutron source is placed at the center of a cylindrical water tank of 40 x 40 cm in xyz plan,and thermal neutrons are produced at a distance of 1.2 cm from the source.The system is used for the activation analysis of sodium carbonate,sodium chloride and copper with the gamma ray emissions of 1.37,1.73,2.25 and 2.76 MeV for 24Na and 0.511 MeV for 64Cu having half lives of 15 hrs and 12.9 hrs,respectively.The thermal neutron activation analysis has been demonstrated by placing the samples at about 1.2 cm from the neutron source.HPGe and 3x3 inch NaI(Tl)gamma ray spectrometers have been used for the gamma ray spectrometry of these activated samples with the use of a Marinelli beaker.The geometry of the sample with respect to the neutron source has been optimized for the maximumγ-ray yield in NAA.Conclusion The geometry of the sample with respect to the neutron source has been optimized for the maximumγ-ray yield in NAA.The increase in gamma ray flux distribution in the medium of water,due to the neutron source inside the tank,has been observed by a GM detector which is due to the production of short-lived 16N on activation of 16O in water.This system can also be used for promptγ-ray analysis.
