ECG and Echocardiographic Findings of Athletes in Bamako—A Study among 227 Footballers

Background: A cardiovascular assessment is rarely performed among athletes despite more and more frequently reported fatal events. Most of these accidents are of cardiovascular origin. Moreover, data on ECG or Echocardiography are rare in our context justifying our study to assess electrical and echocardiographic pattern among high-level footballer in Bamako. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in Bamako from April 2015 to?March 2016 among high-level footballers aged 14 to 35 years old without distinction of sex with at least 10 hours weekly training since one year. The ECG and echocardiographies were recorded respectively with a 12-lead CONTEC and an ATL 5000 echocardiographic machine. Each ECG record was analyzed by a cardiologist in accordance with the Seattle 2013 criteria and those pathological reviewed by a second cardiologist according to the same criteria and definitively classified as normal (physiological) or abnormal ECG (requiring complementary explorations). A third cardiologist was associated in case of discordance of the first results. The collected data were inserted in a Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed with SPSS version 20. Chi Square and Fisher statistical tests were used to compare our results. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: We collected data of 227 top footballers with male sex represented in 90.3% giving a sex ratio of 3.04. Means for age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI) were respectively 22 years, 69.90 kg, 177.21 cm and 22.21 kg/m2. Sinus bradycardia was found in a proportion of 45.8% more represented in the age group of 30 and more years (p = 0.275). First-degree atrioventricular block (AVB) was present in 19.4%. Short PR was found in 0.4% of the sample. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVG) according to the Sokolow index was found in 70.5% (96.9% males and 3.1% females) with p Conclusion: Many electrical and echocardiographic signs of cardiac adaptation were found in our sample and must lead to a closer follow-up of these trained footballers to avoid or prevent dramatic cardiovascular events.

Double Discordance with Pulmonary Stenosis: About a Clinical Case

Introduction: Double discordance or corrected transposition of the great vessels is a rare congenital heart disease. It is an atrioventricular and ventriculo-arterial mismatch. It is a complex and unusual form of congenital heart disease. Often asymptomatic, in its isolated form, bradycardia, murmur and cyanosis can be a mode of revelation. Case presentation: We report the case of an 11-year-old child, asymptomatic at birth, after he started to have dyspnea on exertion, recurrent bronchitis, motivating a cardiological consultation. On cardiac physical examination, the heart sounds regular, not rapid at 81 BPM with a grade 3-4/6 systolic murmur at the 4th left EIC (Intercostal space). EKG (electrocardiogram) shows PR interval at 0.20 seconds. Cardiac ultrasound reveals atrioventricular discordance, vascular malposition, anterior aorta, the two vessels placed side by side, minimal pulmonary insufficiency, a small leak at the levels of the mitral and tricuspid valves, dystrophic pulmonary valves with an average gradient of 91 mmHg, max at 158 mmHg. Regular follow-up has been recommended through the performance of a clinical examination and cardiac ultrasound. Conclusion: The double discordance can be asymptomatic, and survival can be long in the isolated forms, but the evolution is not always benign, especially in the associated forms. It depends on the function of the systemic right ventricle and associated abnormalities.

Metabolic Syndrome: Epidemiological, Clinical and Biological Profiles in the Cardiology and Internal Medicine Departments of the Mother-Child CHU “Luxembourg”

Introduction: The metabolic syndrome is a clinical entity defined by the association in the same subject of four of the following five factors: abdominal obesity (or android), type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hypo HDL cholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia. The aim of the work was to study the epidemiological, clinical-biological profiles and complications of patients in the cardiology and internal medicine department of the Mother-Child CHU “Luxembourg”. Materials and Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study, from September 2019 to June 2020 in the cardiology and internal department of the mother-child CHU “Luxembourg”. All patients with metabolic syndrome admitted to the two departments who agreed to participate during the study period were included in the study. These patients meet the 2009 harmonization attempt criteria (IDF 2009). The variables studied were: socio-demographic characteristics (sex, age, profession), pathological history, clinical signs (functional signs, BMI, waist size), paraclinical signs (ECG, cardiac ultrasound, laboratory assessment) and complications. Results: A total of 104 patients were included. The female sex represented 58.65% of cases. The 60 to 69 age group was the majority with 40.78%, housewives occupied 41.34% of cases. Diabetes, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia were the most represented cardiovascular risk factors with respectively: 80.77%, 79.81% and 53.85%. Visual blurring was the most common functional sign with 23.08% of cases. Moderate obesity was observed in 34% of patients. Waist circumference was high in 39.53% of male patients and 37.70% of female patients. Cardiac ultrasound found a severely collapsed ejection fraction in 25% of patients. HDL-c levels were low in 64.52% of male patients and 75% of female patients. The most observed complications were: dyslipidemia (53.85%), stroke and renal failure with 23% respectively. Conclusion: The metabolic syndrome remains a real public health problem, constantly increasing in our populations and constitutes a danger by its constituent elements.