Introduction: Gastroenteritis is recognized as a serious public health problem in India. It is a syndrome that can be caused by different bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens. Indiscriminate use of antibacterial a...Introduction: Gastroenteritis is recognized as a serious public health problem in India. It is a syndrome that can be caused by different bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens. Indiscriminate use of antibacterial agents has resulted in the development of multidrug resistant organisms. A retrospective study was done to analyze the etiological spectrum of diarrhoea and to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial pathogens. Methodology: Fecal specimens from patients with acute or chronic diarrhoea were received prior antibiotic administration and processed for routine microscopy of parasites;culture, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and polymerase chain reaction for bacterial pathogens and latex agglutination for rotavirus. Results: Out of the 6043 stool samples collected during the period of Jan 2005-Dec 2013, 678 (11.2%) enteric pathogens were isolated. The predominant isolates were Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) (46.3%) followed by Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae and parasites. Certain unusual pathogens were also isolated. Among age wise distribution, Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) mainly Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) was isolated from <5 years of age. The majority of other enteric pathogens were isolated from the adult population. The enteric pathogens isolated showed resistance to multiple antibiotics. The resistance pattern observed during this period showed an overall increase in resistance to the antibiotics tested. Conclusion: The present study documents the overall role of etiological agents as causes of diarrhoea and indicates that the indiscriminate use of potent antibiotics can lead to acquisition of resistance to important therapeutic agents.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate in vitro anti-oxidant potential of methanolic and aqueous extract of Indian habitants Anisochilus carnosus (L.F.) wall.,which is an annual shrub belonging to the family Lamiaceae commonly known asmint ...AIM:To evaluate in vitro anti-oxidant potential of methanolic and aqueous extract of Indian habitants Anisochilus carnosus (L.F.) wall.,which is an annual shrub belonging to the family Lamiaceae commonly known asmint family.METHODS:The present study describes the effects by DPPH,alkaline DMSO,scavenging of ferric ion,NO,H 2 O 2,ABTS models.Both extracts showed good free radical scavenging property which was calculated as IC 50.RESULTS:IC 50 of aqueous and methanolic extracts were found to be 7.09 and 5.77 μg·mL-1 for DPPH,8.14 and 13.29 μg·mL-1 for alkaline DMSO,27.16 and 31.25 μg·mL-1 for scavenging of ferric ion,13.82 and 26.94 μg·mL-1 for NO,13.82 and 26.94 μg·mL-1 for H 2 O 2,113.84 and 128.03 μg·mL-1 for ABTS,which were compared with Ascorbic acid (DPPH,scavenging of ferric ion,NO,ABTS) and rutin (alkaline DMSO,H 2 O 2).Total antioxidant capacity of the extract was found to be 213 and 172 μg·mL-1 ascorbic acid for methanolic and aqueous extracts respectively.CONCLUSION:A.carnosus leaf extracts exhibited potent free radical scavenging activity.The overall antioxidant activity is attributed to its polyphenolic and other phytochemical constituents.The findings suggest that A.carnosus leaves could be a potential source of natural antioxidant in preventing or slowing the progression of aging and age-associated oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Gastroenteritis is recognized as a serious public health problem in India. It is a syndrome that can be caused by different bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens. Indiscriminate use of antibacterial agents has resulted in the development of multidrug resistant organisms. A retrospective study was done to analyze the etiological spectrum of diarrhoea and to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial pathogens. Methodology: Fecal specimens from patients with acute or chronic diarrhoea were received prior antibiotic administration and processed for routine microscopy of parasites;culture, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and polymerase chain reaction for bacterial pathogens and latex agglutination for rotavirus. Results: Out of the 6043 stool samples collected during the period of Jan 2005-Dec 2013, 678 (11.2%) enteric pathogens were isolated. The predominant isolates were Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) (46.3%) followed by Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae and parasites. Certain unusual pathogens were also isolated. Among age wise distribution, Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) mainly Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) was isolated from <5 years of age. The majority of other enteric pathogens were isolated from the adult population. The enteric pathogens isolated showed resistance to multiple antibiotics. The resistance pattern observed during this period showed an overall increase in resistance to the antibiotics tested. Conclusion: The present study documents the overall role of etiological agents as causes of diarrhoea and indicates that the indiscriminate use of potent antibiotics can lead to acquisition of resistance to important therapeutic agents.
文摘AIM:To evaluate in vitro anti-oxidant potential of methanolic and aqueous extract of Indian habitants Anisochilus carnosus (L.F.) wall.,which is an annual shrub belonging to the family Lamiaceae commonly known asmint family.METHODS:The present study describes the effects by DPPH,alkaline DMSO,scavenging of ferric ion,NO,H 2 O 2,ABTS models.Both extracts showed good free radical scavenging property which was calculated as IC 50.RESULTS:IC 50 of aqueous and methanolic extracts were found to be 7.09 and 5.77 μg·mL-1 for DPPH,8.14 and 13.29 μg·mL-1 for alkaline DMSO,27.16 and 31.25 μg·mL-1 for scavenging of ferric ion,13.82 and 26.94 μg·mL-1 for NO,13.82 and 26.94 μg·mL-1 for H 2 O 2,113.84 and 128.03 μg·mL-1 for ABTS,which were compared with Ascorbic acid (DPPH,scavenging of ferric ion,NO,ABTS) and rutin (alkaline DMSO,H 2 O 2).Total antioxidant capacity of the extract was found to be 213 and 172 μg·mL-1 ascorbic acid for methanolic and aqueous extracts respectively.CONCLUSION:A.carnosus leaf extracts exhibited potent free radical scavenging activity.The overall antioxidant activity is attributed to its polyphenolic and other phytochemical constituents.The findings suggest that A.carnosus leaves could be a potential source of natural antioxidant in preventing or slowing the progression of aging and age-associated oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases.
