Characterization of a New HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form CRF142_BC—Yunnan,China,2015 and 2021

What is already known about this topic?Recombinant strains dominate the human immunodeficiency virus 1(HIV-1)epidemic in China.Yunnan Province was the first region in China to report HIV-1 infections in batches.The long-term HIV-1 epidemic led to the generation of various recombinant forms.Among the 47 circulating recombinant forms(CRFs)reported in China,more than 20 were first identified in Yunnan Province.What is added by this report?This study reported a previously unrecognized HIV-1 CRF(CRF142_BC)characterized by the insertion of four short subtype B fragments into the subtype C backbone.CRF142_BC was estimated to have emerged in the mid-1990s,close to the time of the emergence of most known CRF_BCs in China.What are the implications for public health practice?The discovery of new CRFs will provide a basis for HIV-1 molecular tracing and intervention research.In addition,HIV-1 recombination can alter viral biological properties.The study of HIV-1 gene variants needs to be intensified.

Uncovering the Impact of Control Strategies on the Transmission Pattern of SARS-CoV-2—Ruili City,Yunnan Province,China,February–March 2022

Introduction:The implementation of public health and social measures(PHSMs)was an effective option for controlling coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,evidence is needed to evaluate these PHSMs’effects on the recently emerged variant Omicron.Methods:This study investigated variant Omicron BA.2’s outbreak in Ruili City,Yunnan Province,China.The disease transmission dynamics,spatiotemporal interactions,and transmission networks were analyzed to illustrate the effect of PHSM strategies on Omicron spread.Results:A total of 387 cases were related to the outbreak.The time-varying reproduction number was synchronized with PHSM strategies.Spatiotemporal clustering strength presented heterogeneity and hotspots.Restricted strategies suppressed temporal and spatial relative risk compared with routine and upgraded strategies.The transmission network presented a steeper degree distribution and a heavier tail under upgraded strategies.Phase transformation and distinctive transmission patterns were observed from strategy-stratified subnetworks.Conclusions:The tightened response strategy contained reproduction of the virus,suppressed spatiotemporal clustering,and reshaped the networks of COVID-19 Omicron variant transmission.As such,PHSMs against Omicron are likely to benefit future responses as well.