Chromosome analysis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line KYSE 410-4 by repetitive multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization

Chromosome aberrations are distinctive features of human malignant tumors. Analysis of chromosomal changes can illuminate the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of cancer. To establish the technique of multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization （M-FISH） for identifying chromosome aberrations in esophageal carcinoma cell line KYSE 410-4, four pools of 6-color whole-chromosome painting probes have been designed and hybridized on the same metaphase spread by four rounds of repetitive FISH. Repetitive 6-color M-FISH was successfully established and the cytogenetic abnormalities in KYSE 410-4 cells were characterized. Chromosome gains occurred at 2q, 3, 8, 17p, and X. An isochromosome 3q was visualized in the cell line, which might be one intermediate mechanism leading to 3p losses and/or 3q gains. Furthermore, 16 structural arrangements were detected, including four derivative chromosomes. The rearrangement of the centromeric regions accounted for approximately 44% of all rearrangements. The results added a more complete and accurate information of the genetic alterations to the classical cytogenetic description of KYSE 410-4 and provided a detailed cytogenetic background data for appropriate use of the cell line. The established 6-color M-FISH was useful for analyzing chromosomes in the whole genome of human tumors.

Experimental investigation of liquid metal alloy based mini-channel heat exchanger for high power electronic devices

There is currently a growing demand for developing efficient techniques for cooling integrated electronic devices with ever increasing heat generation power. To better tackle the high-density heat dissipation difficulty within the limited space, this paper is dedicated to clarify the heat transfer behaviors of the liquid metal flowing in mini-channel exchangers with different geometric configurations. A series of comparative experiments using liquid metal alloy Ga68%In20%Sn12% as coolant were conducted under prescribed mass flow rates in three kinds of heat exchangers with varied geometric sizes. Meanwhile, numerical simulations for the heat exchangers under the same working conditions were also performed which well interpreted the experimental measurements. The simulated heat sources were all cooled down by these three heat dissipation apparatuses and the exchanger with the smallest channel width was found to have the largest mean heat transfer coefficient at all conditions due to its much larger heat transfer area. Further, the present work has also developed a correlation equation for characterizing the Nusselt number depending on Peclet number, which is applicable to the low Peclet number case with constant heat flux in the hydrodynamically developed and thermally developing region in the rectangular channel. This study is expected to provide valuable reference for designing future liquid metal based mini-channel heat exchanger.

Experimental study of CO_(2) storage in water-flooded oilfields

CO_(2) is the main source of greenhouse emission,and the environment problem caused by greenhouse effect has drawn worldwide attention.In most oilfields in China,a method of waterflooding is usually used to enhance oil recovery,which is favorable to carry out CO_(2) injection study.The CO_(2) injection in the water-flooded oilfields can not only store CO_(2),but also enhance the oil recovery.In this article,the coreflooding tests with refined oil were conducted to investigate CO_(2) displacement characteristic in watersaturated formation under different injection rate and water-flooded oil reservoir under different formation pressure and oil saturation,then the CO_(2) storage capacity was calculated.The testing result shows that the displacement efficiency increases with the rise of the CO_(2) injection rate,and the CO_(2) injection can enhance the oil recovery about 15%OOIP under the experimental condition.When injecting CO_(2) after the waterflooding,the CO_(2) storage capacity increases as the rise of the formation pressure.The core-flooding tests also indicate that when the initial oil saturation of reservoir prior CO_(2) injection is higher,the oil recovery will be higher when injecting the same pore volume(PV)of CO_(2),and the CO_(2) storage capacity will be larger.