Accumulation of carotenoids and expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in fruit flesh during fruit development in two Cucurbita maxima inbred lines

Mesocarp color is an important agronomic trait of Cucurbita maxima and is determined mainly by the contents and compositions of the carotenoids.The two inbred lines with significant differences in fruit flesh color were used in the study,the orange’312-1’and white’98-2’.Changes in seven carotenoid contents and compositions in the flesh of fruit produced by inbred lines’312-1’and’98-2’were analyzed during fruit development.The expression of eight key carotenoid biosynthesis genes in the fruit flesh were investigated during five fruit development stage in two inbred lines.As the flesh color intensified,the orange flesh color of’312-1’was determined mainly by the increased contents of lutein,β-carotene and zeaxanthin and the lack of carotenoid accumulation led to the formation of white flesh in’98-2’fruit.The expression of the LCY-e and CHYb genes was significantly stronger in’312-1’than in’98-2’,and their expression was strongly correlated with lutein andβ-carotene contents during fruit development.This study provides a deep understanding of the molecular mechanism of carotenoid biosynthesis in fruit flesh and provides a basis for additional studies on the highly refined improvement of squash quality.

铜催化苯硼酸与苯并呋咱-1-氧化物的胺化反应（英文）

C-N键普遍存在于药物和有机功能分子中,传统构建C-N键的方法包括Goldberg反应、Buchwald-Hartwig偶联、Chan-Lam偶联和C-H键活化胺化.虽然这些方法都可以高效构建C-N键,但它们需要使用官能化的芳基底物、官能化的胺化试剂或在氧化条件下进行.理想的胺化反应应在氧化还原中性条件下进行,更为理想的则是在引入氨基的同时引入另外一个官能团.实现这个目标最直接的策略就是使用氮杂环,通过N-E(E=N或O)键的断裂,N原子和E原子可同时被引入.最近我们课题组利用氨茴内酐和氮杂苯并降冰片烯的C-H键活化反应成功实现了这种双官能团化.尽管该法很有吸引力,但是要通过氮杂环的断裂实现双官能团化,需要发生非张力环的开环,这在热力学上是非常不利的.苯并呋咱-1-氧化物可以开环得到邻二硝基苯中间体.基于对胺化反应的兴趣,我们推测苯并呋咱1-氧化物可以作为一个胺化试剂实现苯硼酸的胺化.尽管亚硝基苯对芳基硼酸进行简单的胺化已经被报道,但需要化学计量的铜盐,或是引入还原剂.因此本文报道铜催化的苯硼酸的胺化反应,该反应以苯并呋咱1-氧化物为胺化试剂,在温和及氧化还原中性条件下成功实现了双官能团化.本文共完成了31个不同官能团取代的硝基苯胺骨架结构的合成,反应均以中等到良好的收率得到目标产物,最高收率可达99%.为了增加反应的实用性,我们还进行了放大实验,实验表明,当苯并呋咱-1-氧化物的量由0.2 mmol放大至4 mmol时,反应仍能以较高的收率得到目标产物.此外,目标产物通过进一步的衍生化反应还可方便地转化为其他杂环类化合物.例如,在PPh_3作用下,通过还原环化作用可生成吩嗪.在钯催化下可发生分子内碳氢键氧化反应得到咔唑类化合物.通过还原及重氮化反应还可方便地转化为苯并三唑.总之,我们以苯并呋咱-1-氧化物为胺化试剂,在铜催化下成功实现了苯硼酸的胺化反应,合成了一系列双官能团化产物.该催化体系反应条件温和,底物适用范围广,对各种官能团具有很好的兼容性.

Experimental study on gas–liquid dispersion and mass transfer in shear-thinning system with coaxial mixer

The effects of impeller type, stirring power, gas flow rate, and liquid concentration on the gas–liquid mixing in a shear-thinning system with a coaxial mixer were investigated by experiment, and the overall gas holdup, relative power demand, and volumetric mass transfer coefficient under different conditions were compared. The results show that, the increasing stirring power or gas flow rate is beneficial in promoting the overall gas holdup and volumetric mass transfer coefficient, while the increasing system viscosity weakens the mass transfer in a shearing–thinning system. Among the three turbines, the six curved-blade disc turbine(BDT-6) exhibits the best gas pumping capacity; the six 45° pitched-blade disc turbine(PBDT-6) has the highest volumetric mass transfer coefficient at the same unit volume power.

Crystal structure and thermal decomposition kinetics of1-(pyridinium-1-yl)propane-(1-methylpiperidinium)bi[bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide], [PyC_3Pi][NTf_2]_2

The structure of a room temperature asymmetrical dicationic ionic liquid(ADIL), 1-(pyridinium-1-yl) propane-(1-methylpiperidinium) bi[bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide]([PyC 3Pi][NTf2]2), was studied by the X-ray diffraction method. Meanwhile, thermal analysis of [Py C3Pi][NTf2]2was also studied using non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). The title crystal belongs to the triclinic with space group Pī and unit-cell parameters a = 0.95217(8) nm, b = 1.05129(11) nm, c = 1.70523(14) nm, α = 89.759(8)°, β = 80.657(7)°, γ = 68.007(9)°, and F(000) = 792. Thermal stability and thermal decomposition kinetics of the title compound were also investigated using TGA under the atmosphere of highly pure nitrogen. Heating curves at different rates were correlated with kinetic equations Friedman and ASTM(also called iso-conversion method). The values of average activation E(k J·mol-1) and pre-exponential constant lg A are 149.58 k J·mol-1and 8.83, respectively, which were obtained by the two methods. The kinetic model function, activation energy and pre-exponential constant of this reaction using the multivariate non-linear-regression method were f(α) =(1- α)(1 + 4.1870α), 151.04 k J·mol-1and 8.81, respectively, which were basically consistent with iso-conversion methods.

Literature Review of Agricultural Technology Extension

Agriculture,as the primary industry,is the foundation of national economy.Agricultural development directly influences political,economic,and cultural construction of a state.Agricultural technology is a key factor restricting agricultural development.How to implement the agricultural technology innovation,agricultural technology extension becomes particularly important.In this literature review,current situation of agricultural technology extension was elaborated.Besides,current research situation and fields of agricultural technology extension were discussed.In the literature collected,researches about agricultural technology extension mainly included following three aspects:(i)theories of agricultural technology extension;(ii)agricultural technology extension system;(iii)behavior and effects of agricultural technology extension.On the basis of research results of literature,prediction was made for the agricultural technology extension and policy recommendations were put forward for agricultural technology extension works.

Quorum sensing-based interactions among drugs,microbes,and diseases

Many diseases and health conditions are closely related to various microbes,which participate in complex interactions with diverse drugs;nonetheless,the detailed targets of such drugs remain to be elucidated.Many existing studies have reported causal associations among drugs,gut microbes,or diseases,calling for a workflow to reveal their intricate interactions.In this study,we developed a systematic workflow comprising three modules to construct a Quorum Sensing-based Drug-Microbe-Disease(QSDMD)database(http://www.qsdmd.lbci.net/),which includes diverse interactions for more than 8,000 drugs,163 microbes,and 42 common diseases.Potential interactions between microbes and more than 8,000 drugs have been systematically studied by targeting microbial QS receptors combined with a docking-based virtual screening technique and in vitro experimental validations.Furthermore,we have constructed a QS-based drug-receptor interaction network,proposed a systematic framework including various drug-receptor-microbe-disease connections,and mapped a paradigmatic circular interaction network based on the QS-DMD,which can provide the underlying QS-based mechanisms for the reported causal associations.The QS-DMD will promote an understanding of personalized medicine and the development of potential therapies for diverse diseases.This work contributes to a paradigm for the construction of a molecule-receptor-microbe-disease interaction network for human health that may form one of the key knowledge maps of precision medicine in the future.

A review of systematic evaluation and improvement in the big data environment

The era of big data brings unprecedented opportunities and challenges to management research.As one of the important functions of management decision-making,evaluation has been given more functions and application space.Exploring the applicable evaluation methods in the big data environment has become an important subject of research.The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview and discussion of systematic evaluation and improvement in the big data environment.We first review the evaluation methods based on the main analytic techniques of big data such as data mining,statistical methods,optimization and simulation,and deep learning.Focused on the characteristics of big data(association feature,data loss,data noise,and visualization),the relevant evaluation methods are given.Furthermore,we explore the systematic improvement studies and application fields.Finally,we analyze the new application areas of evaluation methods and give the future directions of evaluation method research in a big data environment from six aspects.We hope our research could provide meaningful insights for subsequent research.