Objective: To assess the presence of normal or abnormal pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP)-responses in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma (OAG). Design: Retrospec...Objective: To assess the presence of normal or abnormal pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP)-responses in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma (OAG). Design: Retrospective,cross-sectional,case-control study. Participants: Eighty normal control subjects (mean age,51.77± 6.04 years; 80 eyes),68 ocular hypertension patients (mean age,51.58± 7.12; 68 eyes; intraocular pressure IOP < 18 mmHg under pharmacological treatment; Humphrey field analysis HFA 24/2 mean deviation MD >-2 decibels dB),and 84 OAG patients (mean age,52.77± 5.28; 84 eyes; IOP < 18 mmHg under pharmacological treatment; HFA24/2mean deviation between-2 and-23 dB)were enrolled. Methods: Simultaneous recording of PERGs and VEPs using high-contrast (80% ) 15 checkerboard stimuli reversed at the rate of 2 reversals per second. Main Outcome Measures: Pattern electroretinogram P50 and VEP P100 implicit times were considered delayed when exceeding the limit of mean values of controls plus 2 standard deviations (SDs). Pattern electroretinogram P50 to N95 and VEP N75 to P100 amplitudes were considered reduced when exceeding the limit of mean values of controls minus 2 SDs. Results: Pattern electroretinogram: P50 implicit times were delayed in 58 of 68 (85.30% ) ocular hypertension eyes and 83 of 84 (98.80% )OAG eyes; P50 toN95 amplitudes were reduced in 47 (69.12% ) ocular hypertension eyes and 84 (100% ) OAG eyes. Visual evoked potential: P100 implicit times were delayed in 58 (85.30% ) ocular hypertension eyes and 84 (100% ) OAG eyes; reduced N75 to P100 amplitudes were observed in 39 (57.35% ) ocular hypertension eyes and 73 (86.90% ) OAG eyes. Ocular hypertension eyes showed no significant correlations (Pearson test,P>0.01) between electrophysiological parameters and age,IOP before or under medical treatment,HFA,and corneal thickness values. Significant correlations (P<0.01) were observed in OAG eyes between electrophysiological results and HFA values. Pattern electroretinogram and VEP responses were normal in all control eyes. Conclusions: Combined PERG/VEP recordings identified a large percentage of ocular hypertension eyes with impairment of the innermost retinal layers,not withstanding normal optic disc morphology and normal HFA. In OAG eyes,PERG P50 to N95 amplitude and VEP P100 implicit time showed the highest sensitivity/specificity for the detection of a visual dysfunction. The presence of abnormal PERG and/or VEP responses did not allow a clearcut separation between ocular hypertension and OAG eyes.展开更多
To evaluate the ocular surface inflammatory response to the presence of preservatives in nonselective beta-blocker eyedrops. Prospective, crossover, single-masked, randomized clinical study. study population: Twenty p...To evaluate the ocular surface inflammatory response to the presence of preservatives in nonselective beta-blocker eyedrops. Prospective, crossover, single-masked, randomized clinical study. study population: Twenty primary open-an-gle glaucoma or ocular hypertensive patients were divided in two groups, one treated with preservative-free timolol 0.5% (group 1) and the other with preserved timolol 0.5% (group 2) eyedrops. After 60 days of therapy and 3 more weeks of washout, the two groups switched to the other therapy. procedure: At each visit, basal tear samples were collected from the inferior conjunctival fornix for the determination of interleukin (IL)-1β tear concentrations by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intraocular pressure measurement, conjunctival hyperemia, superficial punctate keratitis, and tear film breakup time were evaluated. main outcome measure: IL-1β concentration in tears following the use of preserved eyedrops. IL-1β tear concentrations increased significantly in both groups,compared with baseline values, during preserved timolol therapy. There were no statistically significant changes in hyperemia and superficial punctate keratitis throughout the study in either group. A statistically significant breakup time reduction was observed in both groups after 30 days and after 60 days of preserved therapy. The use of preservatives in timolol 0.5% eyedrops leads to tear film instability and ocular surface inflammatory changes documented by a reduction of breakup time and an increase of IL-1β tear concentrations. Preservative-free betablockers are preferable for long-term hypotensive therapy to prevent ocular surface inflammation.展开更多
文摘Objective: To assess the presence of normal or abnormal pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP)-responses in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma (OAG). Design: Retrospective,cross-sectional,case-control study. Participants: Eighty normal control subjects (mean age,51.77± 6.04 years; 80 eyes),68 ocular hypertension patients (mean age,51.58± 7.12; 68 eyes; intraocular pressure IOP < 18 mmHg under pharmacological treatment; Humphrey field analysis HFA 24/2 mean deviation MD >-2 decibels dB),and 84 OAG patients (mean age,52.77± 5.28; 84 eyes; IOP < 18 mmHg under pharmacological treatment; HFA24/2mean deviation between-2 and-23 dB)were enrolled. Methods: Simultaneous recording of PERGs and VEPs using high-contrast (80% ) 15 checkerboard stimuli reversed at the rate of 2 reversals per second. Main Outcome Measures: Pattern electroretinogram P50 and VEP P100 implicit times were considered delayed when exceeding the limit of mean values of controls plus 2 standard deviations (SDs). Pattern electroretinogram P50 to N95 and VEP N75 to P100 amplitudes were considered reduced when exceeding the limit of mean values of controls minus 2 SDs. Results: Pattern electroretinogram: P50 implicit times were delayed in 58 of 68 (85.30% ) ocular hypertension eyes and 83 of 84 (98.80% )OAG eyes; P50 toN95 amplitudes were reduced in 47 (69.12% ) ocular hypertension eyes and 84 (100% ) OAG eyes. Visual evoked potential: P100 implicit times were delayed in 58 (85.30% ) ocular hypertension eyes and 84 (100% ) OAG eyes; reduced N75 to P100 amplitudes were observed in 39 (57.35% ) ocular hypertension eyes and 73 (86.90% ) OAG eyes. Ocular hypertension eyes showed no significant correlations (Pearson test,P>0.01) between electrophysiological parameters and age,IOP before or under medical treatment,HFA,and corneal thickness values. Significant correlations (P<0.01) were observed in OAG eyes between electrophysiological results and HFA values. Pattern electroretinogram and VEP responses were normal in all control eyes. Conclusions: Combined PERG/VEP recordings identified a large percentage of ocular hypertension eyes with impairment of the innermost retinal layers,not withstanding normal optic disc morphology and normal HFA. In OAG eyes,PERG P50 to N95 amplitude and VEP P100 implicit time showed the highest sensitivity/specificity for the detection of a visual dysfunction. The presence of abnormal PERG and/or VEP responses did not allow a clearcut separation between ocular hypertension and OAG eyes.
文摘To evaluate the ocular surface inflammatory response to the presence of preservatives in nonselective beta-blocker eyedrops. Prospective, crossover, single-masked, randomized clinical study. study population: Twenty primary open-an-gle glaucoma or ocular hypertensive patients were divided in two groups, one treated with preservative-free timolol 0.5% (group 1) and the other with preserved timolol 0.5% (group 2) eyedrops. After 60 days of therapy and 3 more weeks of washout, the two groups switched to the other therapy. procedure: At each visit, basal tear samples were collected from the inferior conjunctival fornix for the determination of interleukin (IL)-1β tear concentrations by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intraocular pressure measurement, conjunctival hyperemia, superficial punctate keratitis, and tear film breakup time were evaluated. main outcome measure: IL-1β concentration in tears following the use of preserved eyedrops. IL-1β tear concentrations increased significantly in both groups,compared with baseline values, during preserved timolol therapy. There were no statistically significant changes in hyperemia and superficial punctate keratitis throughout the study in either group. A statistically significant breakup time reduction was observed in both groups after 30 days and after 60 days of preserved therapy. The use of preservatives in timolol 0.5% eyedrops leads to tear film instability and ocular surface inflammatory changes documented by a reduction of breakup time and an increase of IL-1β tear concentrations. Preservative-free betablockers are preferable for long-term hypotensive therapy to prevent ocular surface inflammation.
