Radioactive contamination at planet scale started in 1945 when the first nuclear taste was performed in Alamo Gordo, New Mexico, followed by two war actions in Japan, a second test in Bikini, and more than 2000 tests ...Radioactive contamination at planet scale started in 1945 when the first nuclear taste was performed in Alamo Gordo, New Mexico, followed by two war actions in Japan, a second test in Bikini, and more than 2000 tests were performed all over the world by different countries since then on. In this context, 10 main accidents in power and research nuclear reactors seem to be negligible in the general radioactive contamination at planet scale, which can be measured by comparing radioactivity of fission product 137Cs with that of natural 40K, both detected from marine sediments taken up at different places and depth. This paper shows 9 results obtained from Gulf of Mexico samples and one from Pacific North ocean, confirming the fact that this simple method works well enough to keep watching the process of radioactive contamination on earth, whatever may be the cause, to prove if it remains constant for a time, by equilibrium between contamination and decaying of 137Cs, it is decreasing at same rate than 137Cs radioactive decaying, or by the contrary, it is growing up and approaching at some extent the natural radioactivity from 40K.展开更多
When Periodic Chart of elements is consulted to find natural radioisotopes, one firstly finds tritium, followed by 10Be, 14C, 50V and many others. Before Bi, 12 cosmogenic radioisotopes are listed. They are those cont...When Periodic Chart of elements is consulted to find natural radioisotopes, one firstly finds tritium, followed by 10Be, 14C, 50V and many others. Before Bi, 12 cosmogenic radioisotopes are listed. They are those continuously produced by nuclear reactions among light elements present in earthly atmosphere and radiations coming from the outside space. Eighteen additional primordial radioisotopes are listed. They were created at the same time that the non-radioactive isotopes composing the 92 natural elements in the periodic table. From Bi on, every isotope is radioactive, up to U. Then follow the artificial elements produced by laboratory nuclear reactions from Np to element with atomic number 118. In this way, from 118 known elements, 64 are radioactive, which amount 55% of all those units forming the chemical compounds. Therefore, the complete understanding of radioactivity should be a suitable tool to advance our knowledge of Universe, and consequent applications to get better living conditions. So, this paper deals with radioisotopes as suitable instruments for chemical analysis.展开更多
文摘Radioactive contamination at planet scale started in 1945 when the first nuclear taste was performed in Alamo Gordo, New Mexico, followed by two war actions in Japan, a second test in Bikini, and more than 2000 tests were performed all over the world by different countries since then on. In this context, 10 main accidents in power and research nuclear reactors seem to be negligible in the general radioactive contamination at planet scale, which can be measured by comparing radioactivity of fission product 137Cs with that of natural 40K, both detected from marine sediments taken up at different places and depth. This paper shows 9 results obtained from Gulf of Mexico samples and one from Pacific North ocean, confirming the fact that this simple method works well enough to keep watching the process of radioactive contamination on earth, whatever may be the cause, to prove if it remains constant for a time, by equilibrium between contamination and decaying of 137Cs, it is decreasing at same rate than 137Cs radioactive decaying, or by the contrary, it is growing up and approaching at some extent the natural radioactivity from 40K.
文摘When Periodic Chart of elements is consulted to find natural radioisotopes, one firstly finds tritium, followed by 10Be, 14C, 50V and many others. Before Bi, 12 cosmogenic radioisotopes are listed. They are those continuously produced by nuclear reactions among light elements present in earthly atmosphere and radiations coming from the outside space. Eighteen additional primordial radioisotopes are listed. They were created at the same time that the non-radioactive isotopes composing the 92 natural elements in the periodic table. From Bi on, every isotope is radioactive, up to U. Then follow the artificial elements produced by laboratory nuclear reactions from Np to element with atomic number 118. In this way, from 118 known elements, 64 are radioactive, which amount 55% of all those units forming the chemical compounds. Therefore, the complete understanding of radioactivity should be a suitable tool to advance our knowledge of Universe, and consequent applications to get better living conditions. So, this paper deals with radioisotopes as suitable instruments for chemical analysis.
