Objective：To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of sorafenib combined with cryoablation in treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）.Methods：Patients with unresectable advanced HCC received cryoabla...Objective：To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of sorafenib combined with cryoablation in treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）.Methods：Patients with unresectable advanced HCC received cryoablation and sorafenib at a dose of 400 mg twice daily in 4-week cycles on the same day of the cryoablation.Tumor response,median overall survival and the median time to radiological progression were calculated and the toxicity was evaluated.Results：Seventy-eight patients with unresectable HCC were involved in this study.The median age was 52 years （range,22-81 years）.The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group （ECOG） performance status scores were 0 （39.7%）,1 （55.1%）,and 2 （5.1%）.Nine （11.5%） patients were at Barcelona clinic liver cancer （BCLC） stage A,twenty-four （30.8%） patients were at stage B and 45 （57.7%） patients were at stage C.Five （6.4%） achieved partial responses,and 34 （43.6%） achieved stable disease.The median time to progression （TTP） for all enrolled patients was 6.6 months and the median overall survival （OS） was 12.2 months.Conclusion：Cryoablation combined with sorafenib demonstrates good efficacy and acceptable tolerability in treating unresectable advanced HCC patients.展开更多
在精确AMS^(14)C测年的基础上,对采自重庆中梁山岩溶洼地的剖面样品进行了孢粉分析,并结合详细的历史文献资料,获取了该地区近700年以来的植被变迁与石漠化演化记录。结果显示:(1)1274—1553 cal a AD研究区周围主要分布以松属、柏科/...在精确AMS^(14)C测年的基础上,对采自重庆中梁山岩溶洼地的剖面样品进行了孢粉分析,并结合详细的历史文献资料,获取了该地区近700年以来的植被变迁与石漠化演化记录。结果显示:(1)1274—1553 cal a AD研究区周围主要分布以松属、柏科/杉科占优势的亚热带常绿针叶林,伴人植物花粉少量出现,人类活动相对较弱。(2)1553—1780 cal a AD,针叶树松属、柏科/杉科花粉含量下降,伴人植物花粉增多,指示研究区人类活动开始加强。(3)1780—1840 cal a AD,松属花粉含量急剧下降,灌木和伴人植物花粉急剧增加,指示该地区人类活动加剧,石漠化现象出现。(4)1840—2000 cal a AD,玉米花粉含量大幅度增加,表明人类活动更加强烈,石漠化现象进一步加剧。近700年来不断增加的人类活动是重庆地区植被退化、石漠化现象严重的重要因素。该研究结果对重庆岩溶地区的全面治理,恢复和重建自然生态环境具有重要的指示意义。展开更多
The theory and associated selection methods of classical quantitative genetics are based on the multifactorial or polygene hypothesis.Major genes or quantitative trait loci(QTL)in modern quantitative genetics based o...The theory and associated selection methods of classical quantitative genetics are based on the multifactorial or polygene hypothesis.Major genes or quantitative trait loci(QTL)in modern quantitative genetics based on a“major gene plus polygenes”genetic system have been paid much attention in genetic studies.However,it remains unclear how the numerous minor genes act,although the polygene theory has sustained genetic improvement in plants and animals for more than a hundred years.In the present study,we identified a novel minor gene,BnSOT-like1(BnaA09g53490D),which is a sulfotransferase(SOT)gene catalyzing the formation of the core glucosinolate(GSL)structure in Brassica napus.This gene has been occasionally found during investigations of plant height-related genes,but has not been identified by QTL mapping because of its small phenotypic effects on GSL content.The overexpression of BnSOT-like1 up-regulated the expression of aliphatic GSL-associated genes,leading to a high seed aliphatic GSL content,and the overexpression of the allelic gene Bnsot-like1 did not increase seed GSL content.These findings suggest that the SOT gene has a marked effect on a quantitative trait from a reverse genetics standpoint,but a minor effect on the quantitative trait in its natural biological state.Because of the redundancy of GSL biosynthetic genes in the allotetraploid species B.napus,mutations of a single functional gene in the pathway will not result in significant phenotypic changes,and that the genes in biosynthetic pathways such as BnSOT-like1 in our study have minor effects and may be called polygenes in contrast to the reported three regulatory genes(BnHAG1s)which strongly affect GSL content in B.napus.The present study has shed light on a minor gene for a quantitative trait.展开更多
文摘Objective：To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of sorafenib combined with cryoablation in treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）.Methods：Patients with unresectable advanced HCC received cryoablation and sorafenib at a dose of 400 mg twice daily in 4-week cycles on the same day of the cryoablation.Tumor response,median overall survival and the median time to radiological progression were calculated and the toxicity was evaluated.Results：Seventy-eight patients with unresectable HCC were involved in this study.The median age was 52 years （range,22-81 years）.The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group （ECOG） performance status scores were 0 （39.7%）,1 （55.1%）,and 2 （5.1%）.Nine （11.5%） patients were at Barcelona clinic liver cancer （BCLC） stage A,twenty-four （30.8%） patients were at stage B and 45 （57.7%） patients were at stage C.Five （6.4%） achieved partial responses,and 34 （43.6%） achieved stable disease.The median time to progression （TTP） for all enrolled patients was 6.6 months and the median overall survival （OS） was 12.2 months.Conclusion：Cryoablation combined with sorafenib demonstrates good efficacy and acceptable tolerability in treating unresectable advanced HCC patients.
文摘在精确AMS^(14)C测年的基础上,对采自重庆中梁山岩溶洼地的剖面样品进行了孢粉分析,并结合详细的历史文献资料,获取了该地区近700年以来的植被变迁与石漠化演化记录。结果显示:(1)1274—1553 cal a AD研究区周围主要分布以松属、柏科/杉科占优势的亚热带常绿针叶林,伴人植物花粉少量出现,人类活动相对较弱。(2)1553—1780 cal a AD,针叶树松属、柏科/杉科花粉含量下降,伴人植物花粉增多,指示研究区人类活动开始加强。(3)1780—1840 cal a AD,松属花粉含量急剧下降,灌木和伴人植物花粉急剧增加,指示该地区人类活动加剧,石漠化现象出现。(4)1840—2000 cal a AD,玉米花粉含量大幅度增加,表明人类活动更加强烈,石漠化现象进一步加剧。近700年来不断增加的人类活动是重庆地区植被退化、石漠化现象严重的重要因素。该研究结果对重庆岩溶地区的全面治理,恢复和重建自然生态环境具有重要的指示意义。
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0100600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31270386)the Cyrus Tang Seed Innovation Center at Nanjing Agricultural University.
文摘The theory and associated selection methods of classical quantitative genetics are based on the multifactorial or polygene hypothesis.Major genes or quantitative trait loci(QTL)in modern quantitative genetics based on a“major gene plus polygenes”genetic system have been paid much attention in genetic studies.However,it remains unclear how the numerous minor genes act,although the polygene theory has sustained genetic improvement in plants and animals for more than a hundred years.In the present study,we identified a novel minor gene,BnSOT-like1(BnaA09g53490D),which is a sulfotransferase(SOT)gene catalyzing the formation of the core glucosinolate(GSL)structure in Brassica napus.This gene has been occasionally found during investigations of plant height-related genes,but has not been identified by QTL mapping because of its small phenotypic effects on GSL content.The overexpression of BnSOT-like1 up-regulated the expression of aliphatic GSL-associated genes,leading to a high seed aliphatic GSL content,and the overexpression of the allelic gene Bnsot-like1 did not increase seed GSL content.These findings suggest that the SOT gene has a marked effect on a quantitative trait from a reverse genetics standpoint,but a minor effect on the quantitative trait in its natural biological state.Because of the redundancy of GSL biosynthetic genes in the allotetraploid species B.napus,mutations of a single functional gene in the pathway will not result in significant phenotypic changes,and that the genes in biosynthetic pathways such as BnSOT-like1 in our study have minor effects and may be called polygenes in contrast to the reported three regulatory genes(BnHAG1s)which strongly affect GSL content in B.napus.The present study has shed light on a minor gene for a quantitative trait.
