Safety is regarded as the second basic need in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs(1943),and safety recognition and circumvention behaviour in the route-choice decision-making process should therefore be accommodated in netw...Safety is regarded as the second basic need in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs(1943),and safety recognition and circumvention behaviour in the route-choice decision-making process should therefore be accommodated in network-traffic equilibrium analysis frameworks.This paper proposes a framework by which crash frequency,forecasted using the safety-analysis method or compiled from historical data for intersections,is used to measure the safety consciousness of drivers.Drivers are then classified into different groups according to their acceptable-risk thresholds,and each group has its own route-choice set.Decision behaviour whereby drivers are willing to bear additional costs in order to circumvent travel risk is incorporated into the variational inequality model based on the user equilibrium in the perceived route-choice set(UE-PRCS),which is an extension of Wardrop’s first principle.The Frank–Wolfe algorithm,based on the convex combination method,is employed to obtain the solution.A small road network is used as a case study to illustrate the proposed framework,incorporating risk recognition and circumvention behaviour under different combinations of traffic demand and risk-sensitivity group ratio.The results show that the standard user equilibrium is a special case of the UE-PRCS,but that the UE traffic state is more common than the UE-PRCS under different parameters.展开更多
In this work,we study the local distinguishability of maximally entangled states(MESs).In particular,we are concerned with whether any fixed number of MESs can be locally distinguishable for sufficiently large dimensi...In this work,we study the local distinguishability of maximally entangled states(MESs).In particular,we are concerned with whether any fixed number of MESs can be locally distinguishable for sufficiently large dimensions.Fan and Tian et al.have already obtained two satisfactory results for the generalized Bell states(GBSs)and the qudit lattice states when applied to prime or prime power dimensions.We construct a general twist-teleportation scheme for any orthonormal basis with MESs that is inspired by the method used in[Phys.Rev.A 70,022304(2004)].Using this teleportation scheme,we obtain a sufficient and necessary condition for one-way distinguishable sets of MESs,which include the GBSs and the qudit lattice states as special cases.Moreover,we present a generalized version of the results in[Phys.Rev.A 92,042320(2015)]for the arbitrary dimensional case.展开更多
基金supported by National Social Science Foundation of China(14BTJ017).
文摘Safety is regarded as the second basic need in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs(1943),and safety recognition and circumvention behaviour in the route-choice decision-making process should therefore be accommodated in network-traffic equilibrium analysis frameworks.This paper proposes a framework by which crash frequency,forecasted using the safety-analysis method or compiled from historical data for intersections,is used to measure the safety consciousness of drivers.Drivers are then classified into different groups according to their acceptable-risk thresholds,and each group has its own route-choice set.Decision behaviour whereby drivers are willing to bear additional costs in order to circumvent travel risk is incorporated into the variational inequality model based on the user equilibrium in the perceived route-choice set(UE-PRCS),which is an extension of Wardrop’s first principle.The Frank–Wolfe algorithm,based on the convex combination method,is employed to obtain the solution.A small road network is used as a case study to illustrate the proposed framework,incorporating risk recognition and circumvention behaviour under different combinations of traffic demand and risk-sensitivity group ratio.The results show that the standard user equilibrium is a special case of the UE-PRCS,but that the UE traffic state is more common than the UE-PRCS under different parameters.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11675113,11871295,and 11901084)Beijing Municipal Commission of Education(Grant No.KM201810011009)+1 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.Z190005)the Research Startup Funds of Dongguan University of Technology(Grant No.GC300501-103)。
文摘In this work,we study the local distinguishability of maximally entangled states(MESs).In particular,we are concerned with whether any fixed number of MESs can be locally distinguishable for sufficiently large dimensions.Fan and Tian et al.have already obtained two satisfactory results for the generalized Bell states(GBSs)and the qudit lattice states when applied to prime or prime power dimensions.We construct a general twist-teleportation scheme for any orthonormal basis with MESs that is inspired by the method used in[Phys.Rev.A 70,022304(2004)].Using this teleportation scheme,we obtain a sufficient and necessary condition for one-way distinguishable sets of MESs,which include the GBSs and the qudit lattice states as special cases.Moreover,we present a generalized version of the results in[Phys.Rev.A 92,042320(2015)]for the arbitrary dimensional case.
