气相低温高压储氢密度和能耗的理论分析及比较

如何安全、高效、经济地储存氢气已成为氢能利用进一步发展的瓶颈.传统储氢手段,如室温高压储氢、液化储氢、金属氢化物储氢等存在或储氢密度低、或液化功率高、或需高温加热再生释氢等问题.为此,本文提出一种在氢气临界压力之上的低温高压储氢方式,可在压力不必太高,温度不必太低的情况下实现储氢释氢过程.分析发现,综合储氢密度及储氢能耗, 3种物理储氢方法优劣为:低温高压储氢>室温70 MPa储氢>液化储氢;在储氢压力10 MPa以上存在单位储氢能耗下的储氢密度极大值.本文推荐低温高压储氢参数为:50 MPa,100 K;45 MPa,100 K;40 MPa, 90 K;35 MPa, 80 K;30 MPa, 70 K,其储氢密度在62.3~65.3 kg/m^3之间.

Comparison of dilution effects of R134a and nitrogen on flammable hydrofluorocarbons

An experimental apparatus has been built to measure the flammability limits of combustible gases based on Chinesenational standard GB/T 12474-90. The flammability limits of four binary mixtures of R161/R134a,R152a/R134a, R161/N2 and R152a/N2 were measured with this apparatus at atmospheric pressure and ambienttemperature. The fuel inertization points (FIP) of these mixtures can be found from the envelopes. Comparisonswere made with the literature data; good agreement for most measurements was obtained. R134a was found tohave a better dilution effect than nitrogen in reducing the flammability of hydrofluorocarbons.

Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer of Pure Refrigerants and Binary Mixtures

Heat transfer coefficients in nucleate boiling on a smooth flat surface were measured for pure fluids of R-134a, propane, isobutane and their binary mixtures at different pressure from 0.1 to 0.6 MPa. Series of experiments with different heat flux and mixture concentrations were carried out. The influences of pressure and heat flux on the heat transfer coefficient for different pure fluids were studied. Isobutane and propane were used to make up binary mixtures. Compared to the pure components, binary mixtures show lower heat transfer coefficients. This reduction was more pronounced as the heat flux increasing. Several heat transfer correlations are obtained for different pure refrigerants and their binary mixtures.

CO_2 solubility in aqueous solutions of N-methyldiethanolamine+piperazine by electrolyte NRTL model

Accurate modeling of the solubility behavior of CO_2 in the aqueous alkanolamine solutions is important to design and optimization of equipment and process. In this work, the thermodynamics of CO_2 in aqueous solution of N-methyldiethanolamine(MDEA) and piperazine(PZ) is studied by the electrolyte non-random two liquids(NRTL) model. The chemical equilibrium constants are calculated from the free Gibbs energy of formation, and the Henry's constants of CO_2 in MDEA and PZ are regressed to revise the value in the pure water. New experimental data from literatures are added to the regression process. Therefore, this model should provide a comprehensive thermodynamic representation for the quaternary system with broader ranges and more accurate predictions than previous work. Model results are compared to the experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium(VLE), speciation and heat of absorption data, which show that the model can predict the experimental data with reasonable accuracy.

Effects of slip length and hydraulic diameter on hydraulic entrance length of microchannels with superhydrophobic surfaces

This paper investigated effects of slip length and hydraulic diameter on the hydraulic entrance length of laminar flow in superhydrophobic microchannels.Numerical investigations were performed for square microchannels with Re ranging between 0.1 and 1000.It is found that superhydrophobic microchannels have a longer hydraulic entrance length than that of conventional ones by nearly 26.62%at a low Re.The dimensionless hydraulic entrance length slightly increases with the increasing slip length at approximately Re<10,and does not vary with the hydraulic diameter.A new correlation to predict the entrance length in square microchannels with different slip lengths was developed,which has a satisfying predictive performance with a mean absolute relative deviation of 5.69%.The results not only ascertain the flow characteristics of superhydrophobic microchannels,but also suggest that super hydrophobic microchannels have more significant advantages for heat transfer enhancement at a low Re.

Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer measurements of HFC23/CFC13 system

Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer data of the HFC23/CFC13 system have been systematically measured in a wide range of pressures and heat fluxes. The experimental results are also compared with the measured data of R508A and R508B. It is found that the heat transfer coefficient of R503 （HFC23/CFC13=0.511/0.489） is higher than that of R508A and R508B. Furthermore, the measured data were compared with the predicted results with three well-known correlations. Correlation by Fujita and Tsutsui can provide acceptable results. Most of the data fall within ±20% of this correlation.

Development of mobile miniature natural gas liquefiers

With increasing consumption of natural gas(NG),small NG reservoirs,such as coalbed methane and oil field associated gas,have recently drawn significant attention.Owing to their special characteristics(e.g.,scattered distribution and small output),small-scale NG liquefiers are highly required.Similarly,the mixed refrigerant cycle(MRC)is suitable for small-scale liquefaction systems due to its moderate complexity and power consumption.In consideration of the above,this paper reviews the development of mobile miniature NG liquefiers in Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry(TIPC),China.To effectively liquefy the scattered NG and overcome the drawbacks of existing technologies,three main improvements,i.e.,low-pressure MRC process driven by oil-lubricated screw compressor,compact cold box with the new designed heat exchangers,and standardized equipment manufacturing and integrated process technology have been made.The development pattern of"rapid cluster application and flexible liquefaction center"has been eventually proposed.The small-scale NG liquefier developed by TIPC has reached a minimum liquefaction power consumption of about 0.35 kW.h/Nm^(3).It is suitable to exploit small remote gas reserves which can also be used in boil-off gas reliquefaction and distributed peak-shaving of pipe networks.