Guidelines and standards for comprehensive clinical diagnosis and interventional treatment for diabetic foot in China(Issue 7.0)

Diabetic foot(DF)is one of the most common complications of diabetes and is associated with high morbidity,disability,lethality and low cure-rate.The clinical diagnosis and treatment of DF need to be standardized.The Chinese Diabetic Foot Cell and Interventional Therapy Technology Alliance has released six editions of guidelines and standards for clinical diagnosis and interventional treatment of DF,which filled the gap in the domestic DF treatment standard and played an important role in improving the level of diagnosis and treatment in China.In line with the latest developments in diagnosis and treatment,the Alliance,along with other 89 institutions,developed and issued the new edition based on the sixth edition to help standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of DF in China.

Clinical practice guidelines for the interventional treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer(5^(th)edition)

Pancreatic cancer has become a major disease affecting people’s health because of its insidiousness,rapid progression and poor prognosis.Based on the practical needs of clinical work,combined with domestic multi-center research and experience,this guideline provides constructive suggestions for the interventional treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Exogenous FGF－2 improves biological activity of endothelial progenitor cells exposed to high glucose conditions

Purpose: To investigate the effects of exogenous basic fibroblast growth factor-2(FGF-2) on the biological activity of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs) exposed to high glucose conditions. Materials and Methods: 1) Bone marrow EPCs from C57BL/6 mice were isolated and cultured in vitro. EPC purity was identified by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. 2) Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Migration and tube formation ability was detected by Transwell chamber and Matrigel assays, respectively. The expression and activation of β-catenin was detected by Western blot. 3) Doppler flowmetry was used to detect the effect of FGF2 on blood flow recovery in ischemic hind limbs of mice. Results: 1) FGF-2 treatment reversed high glucose induced growth inhibition of EPCs. FGF-2 treatment also increased migration and tube formation ability of EPCs even in high glucose conditions. 2) Western blot analysis demonstrated that the percentage of activated β-catenin/total β-catenin in the high glucose group were significantly lower than that in the control group, while FGF-2 treatment reversed high glucose induced β-catenin inhibition. 3) In vivo experiments demonstrated that the blood flow recovery in ischemic hind limbs of mice was significantly improved after FGF-2 treatment. Conclusion: Exogenous FGF-2 could play a role in the functional repair of damaged EPC exposed to high glucose conditions, via the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

The Research of Fine Arts Education with Cultivating Aesthetic Appreciation and Creativity as the Core Quality

In the process of art education and teaching,the improvement of students'aesthetic quality and creative ability is the main goal of art teaching.At the same time,it is also the fundamental basis and direction of teaching.In art teaching,aesthetic education is not only reflected by art skills and teaching basis,but also can not separate aesthetic education from basic knowledge and skills of art education.The cultivation of students'artistic quality and creative ability is the main content of the current development of art education and teaching.Colleges and universities should effectively improve and optimize the teaching courses and teaching contents from the aspects of teaching methods,teaching environment,teaching resources,so as to realize the effective cultivation of students'aesthetic quality and creativity.This paper mainly expounds the significance of cultivating students'aesthetic quality and creative ability,and effectively expounds the methods of improvement,aiming to promote the continuous development and reform of art education in colleges and universities,and improve the level of art education.

Expression of Rab25 correlates with the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer

The objective of this study was to determine the expression of the important vesicle trafficking- regulating factor Rab25 in human gastric cancer tissues, to analyze the correlation between Rab25 protein expression with gastric cancer occurrence and development, and to discuss the correlation of Rab25 protein expression with gastric cancer cell metastasis. The overall aim was to provide experimental evidence that can be used to design future biological treatments of human gastric cancer. Human gastric cancer tissue and the adjacent normal gastric tissue were surgically removed, and immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect Rab25 protein expression. The correlation between Rab25 protein expression with the development and pathological characteristics of gastric cancer was analyzed. Using RNAi, Rab25 expression was reduced in the gastric cancer cell line MGC80-3, and the changes in MGC80-3 cell invasiveness were then monitored. Immunohistochemistry showed that the Rab25 protein expression rates were 78.21% and 23.08% in gastric carcinoma and the adjacent normal gastric tissue, respectively. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot results showed that Rab25 protein expression in gastric cancer was significantly higher than in adjacent normal gastric tissues （t）〈0.01）. Less differentiated gastric cancer cells had higher expression of Rab25 protein （P〈0.01）. Gastric carcinomas from patients with a late pathological stage （Ⅲ-Ⅳ） had significantly higher Rab25 protein expression than early stage （Ⅰ-Ⅱ） patients （P〈0.01）. Gastric carcinomas from patients with lymph node metastasis had significantly higher Rab25 protein expression than lymph node metastasis- free patients （P〈0.01）. Gastric carcinomas from patients with distant metastases had significantly higher Rab25 protein expression than the distant metastasis-negative patients （P〈0.01）. Rab25 protein expression in gastric cancer was not affected by the patients＇ sex, age, or tumor size （P〉0.05）. MGCS0-3 cells transfected with Rab25 siRNA had significantly lower Rab25 protein expression （P〈0.01） and a significantly lower number of cells that passed through a Transwell chamber compared with non-transfected controls and the transfected control group （P〈0.01）. Rab25 protein expression is associated with the development of gastric cancer, siRNA knockdown of Rab25 protein expression in MGC80-3 gastric cancer cells reduced MGC80-3 cell invasiveness and provided experimental evidence for potential future biological treatment strategies of human gastric cancer.

In advanced pancreatic cancer: The value and significance of interventional therapy

Pancreatic cancer is famous as“the king of cancer”due to its high degree of malignancy,rapid course of disease development,and poor prognosis.Relevant epidemiological studies have indicated that with improvement in people’s standard of living,the morbidity and mortality of pancreatic cancer has increased.At the same time,the disease shows an obvious upward trend worldwide.Pancreatic cancer has become a major public health problem that seriously affects the life and health of people.The present review focuses on the recent advances in interventional therapy such as transcatheter arterial infusion,radiofrequency ablation,microwave ablation,and irreversible electroporation of pancreatic cancer.

Controllable Polymerization of N-Substituted β-Alanine N-Thiocarboxyanhydrides for Convenient Synthesis of Functional Poly(β-peptoid)s

Poly(β-peptoid)is a class of polypeptide mimics that possesses excellent biocompatibility and resistance to proteolysis.However,the synthesis of poly(β-peptoid)s with functionalities is a long-standing challenge that greatly hinders the functional study and application of poly(β-peptoid)s.We report a controllable and easy synthesis of poly(β-peptoid)s bearing diverse functionalities via the ring-opening polymerization on N-substitutedβ-alanine N-thiocarboxyanhydrides(β-NNTAs).The polymerization can be carried out in openvesselsundermildconditions usingaminesas the initiators to provide poly(β-peptoid)s with targeted molecular weights,narrow dispersities,and diverse functionalities in the side chains and termini.Theβ-NNTAs polymerization is even compatible with initiators bearing unprotected hydroxyl groups.The amphiphilic/cationic poly(β-peptoid)s exhibit a broad spectrum and potent antibacterial activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria.In addition,the highly favored stability ofβ-NNTAmonomers for purification and storage highlights the advantages of thisβ-NNTA polymerization strategy for poly(β-peptoid)s synthesis,functional study,and application as a synthetic mimic of polypeptides.

Growth of BiOBr/ZIF‑67 Nanocomposites on Carbon Fiber Cloth as Filter‑Membrane‑Shaped Photocatalyst for Degrading Pollutants in Flowing Wastewater

BiOBr-based nanocomposite photocatalysts are used for removing the organic pollutants,but their poor adsorption/photocatalytic performances and the low potential for recycling limit their application.To solve the issue,herein we report a large-area recyclable CFC/BiOBr/ZIF-67 filter-membrane-shaped photocatalyst prepared by in situ growth of BiOBr/ZIF-67 nanocomposites on carbon fiber cloth(CFC).Fabrication process is based on hydrothermal synthesis of BiOBr nanosheets(diameter 0.5–1μm)on carbon fiber cloth(as substrate material)and then a chemical bath route is used to grow ZIF-67 nanoparticles(diameter 300–600 nm)in situ on the surface of CFC/BiOBr.Resulted composite,CFC/BiOBr/ZIF-67,exhibits a high specific surface area(545.82 m^(2) g^(−1))and a wide photoabsorption,accompanied by an absorption edge(~620 nm).In dark condition,CFC/BiOBr/ZIF-67 adsorbs bisphenol A(BPA)and orange 7(AO7)within 60 min,respectively with 20.0% and 40.1% efficiency.This level of efficiencies are correspondingly 2.6 and 3.2 times more that of the bare CFC/BiOBr(7.6%for BPA and 12.4% for AO7).Under visible light irradiation,CFC/BiOBr/ZIF-67 can degrade 69.7% of BPA and 96.0% of AO7,in 120 min,which are,respectively,1.3 and 1.8 times higher than the absorption efficiency of bare CFC/BiOBr(53.2% for BPA,52.0% for AO7).When CFC/BiOBr/ZIF-67 is used as a filter membrane for photocatalytic removal of pollutants in flowing wastewater(AO7,rate:~1.5 L h^(−1)),92.2%of AO7 can be decomposed after 10 filtering cycles.This study suggests CFC/BiOBr/ZIF-67 as a novel highly functional,recyclable and environmental friendly photo-driven membrane filter for purification and recovery of flowing surface waste waters.

The polycaprolactone/silk fibroin/carbonate hydroxyapatite electrospun scaffold promotes bone reconstruction by regulating the polarization of macrophages

Macrophages are known to modulate the osteogenic environment of bone regeneration elicited by biological bone grafts.Alteration in certain chemical components tends to affect macrophages polarization.Comparatively to hydroxyapatite(HAp),carbonate hydroxyapatite(CHA)consists of 7.4(wt%)carbonate ions and more closely resembles the mineral content of bone.It remains unknown whether CHA scaffolds or HA scaffolds have better osteogenic properties.In this study,we fabricated PCL/SF scaffold,PCL/SF/HAp scaffold and PCL/SF/CHA scaffold using the electrospinning technique.Despite comparable mechanical properties,the PCL/SF/CHA scaffold exhibited better osteogenic properties than the PCL/SF/HAp scaffold.Although no significant differences were observed between the two scaffolds for promoting osteoblast differentiation in vitro,the PCL/SF/CHA group appeared to be more effective at promoting bone regeneration in cranial defects in vivo.The PCL/SF/CHA scaffold was found to promote macrophage polarization toward M2 via activating the JAK/STAT5 pathway which caused a pro-osteogenic microenvironment to facilitate osteoblast differentiation.The results of this study indicated a higher potential of CHA to substitute HAp in the production of bone scaffolds for better bone regeneration.