Tibetan antelope migration during mass calving as parasite avoidance strategy

The Tibetan antelope(Pantholops hodgsonii),or chiru,is an endemic animal of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau that lives in alpinemeadow,grassland,and desert habitats at altitudes ranging from 4,100 to 5,200 m above sea level.1 Following near extinction toward the end of last century,the population has grown rapidly over the last couple decades and now is estimated at nearly 300,000 individuals(https://english.www.gov.cn/202108/23/content_WS6122f504c6d0df57f98de ff8.html).

山地——一个耦合的社会生态系统

山里人阿尔卑斯山区的牧民没有永久居留地,他们季节性地巡回在这样的高海拔地区。即便是全球最高的城市,比如玻利维亚的埃尔阿尔托,其中一部分海拔800至4200米,而在安第斯山脉的另一部分,海拔就达到了4600至4800米,但也远低于阿尔卑斯山区的高山树线。大部分山地人居住在山地的中间地带,这些地区不论是在温带和北方地区都很凉爽,如果在低纬度地区不仅非常舒适甚至还会比较热。