Two series of 3d-Gd mixed-metal phosphonate complexes with either only two gadolinium centers such as{Gd2},{Ni2Gd2},{Co4Gd2},{Co8Gd2},{Fe6Gd2},and{Fe17Gd2}or more than two gadoliniums such as{Co8Gd4},{Mn8Gd4},{Co4Gd6}...Two series of 3d-Gd mixed-metal phosphonate complexes with either only two gadolinium centers such as{Gd2},{Ni2Gd2},{Co4Gd2},{Co8Gd2},{Fe6Gd2},and{Fe17Gd2}or more than two gadoliniums such as{Co8Gd4},{Mn8Gd4},{Co4Gd6},{Mn4Gd6},{Co6Gd8},{Ni5Gd8},{Ni6Gd6},{Co8Gd8},and{Mn9Gd9}have been solvothermally prepared and magnetothermally studied.The nearly identical environments of the Gd(III)dimer in thefirst series allow us to qualitatively analyze the effect of magnetic exchange coupling on the magne-tocaloric effect(MCE).By doubling,tripling,or quadrupling of the Gd(III)centers,the second series of 3d-Gd mixed-metal complexes was built to further test the other effects of exchange couplings on MCE in more complicated circumstances.For the antiferromagnetic coupling cases,the results are nearly identical but diversify when topological spin frustrations are created,whose massive low-lying excited spin states help enhance MCE.For presumably ferromagnetically coupled ones,albeit are rare in phosphonate complexes,they do exhibit excellent MCE.Meanwhile,the com-plexes with weakly coupled metal centers serve as excellent examples for studying the effect of molecular mass on MCE when its magnitude is expressed in the unit of Joule per kilogram,from which we can see the values are directly proportional to the percentage of the Gd(III)ions in molecular weight.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:21971203,22375157State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment,Grant/Award Numbers:EIPE23402,EIPE23405+3 种基金Special Support Plan of Shaanxi Province for Young Top-notch Talent and the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:xtr052023002Medical-Engineering Cross Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of XJTU,Grant/Award Number:QYJC02Spanish MICINN,Grant/Award Number:PID2021-124734OB-C21“Scientists+Engineers”Team Building Project of Qin Chuang Yuan,Grant/Award Number:2022KXJ-088。
文摘Two series of 3d-Gd mixed-metal phosphonate complexes with either only two gadolinium centers such as{Gd2},{Ni2Gd2},{Co4Gd2},{Co8Gd2},{Fe6Gd2},and{Fe17Gd2}or more than two gadoliniums such as{Co8Gd4},{Mn8Gd4},{Co4Gd6},{Mn4Gd6},{Co6Gd8},{Ni5Gd8},{Ni6Gd6},{Co8Gd8},and{Mn9Gd9}have been solvothermally prepared and magnetothermally studied.The nearly identical environments of the Gd(III)dimer in thefirst series allow us to qualitatively analyze the effect of magnetic exchange coupling on the magne-tocaloric effect(MCE).By doubling,tripling,or quadrupling of the Gd(III)centers,the second series of 3d-Gd mixed-metal complexes was built to further test the other effects of exchange couplings on MCE in more complicated circumstances.For the antiferromagnetic coupling cases,the results are nearly identical but diversify when topological spin frustrations are created,whose massive low-lying excited spin states help enhance MCE.For presumably ferromagnetically coupled ones,albeit are rare in phosphonate complexes,they do exhibit excellent MCE.Meanwhile,the com-plexes with weakly coupled metal centers serve as excellent examples for studying the effect of molecular mass on MCE when its magnitude is expressed in the unit of Joule per kilogram,from which we can see the values are directly proportional to the percentage of the Gd(III)ions in molecular weight.
