Migrant workers, particularly gold mining workers, have been identified as a group at risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI). A cross-sectional study was undertaken on the correlates of human immunodef...Migrant workers, particularly gold mining workers, have been identified as a group at risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI). A cross-sectional study was undertaken on the correlates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis infections in a sample of migrants (Ghanaian citizens [156] and non-Ghanaian citizens [8]) working in a gold mining centres in Konongo, Ghana. The study was conducted between the months of January 2013 to December 2013. Of a total of 600 eligible migrant workers, only 164 (27.33%;males 114, females 50) of the eligible migrants took part in the study. Subjects voluntarily completed a risk-factor questionnaire and provided blood specimen for testing for the presence of antibodies to HIV and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis. These data were analyzed using both univariate and multivariate techniques. The median age of the participants was 29.0 years (range 18 - 62 years). Of the 164 migrant workers tested, HIV and syphilis seroprevalence were 6.7% and 3.7% respectively. On multivariate analysis, the independent determinants for HIV infection were being female [odds ratio (OR) 2.94;95% confidence interval (95% CI 0.86 - 10.0);unmarried (OR 10.13;95% CI 1.2 - 81.09);drug use (OR 3.76;95% CI 0.38 - 36.3);and blood transfusion (OR 2.45;95% CI 0.27 - 22.37). Similarly, on multivariate analysis, the independent determinants for syphilis infection were having concurrent sexual partners (OR 2.16;95% CI 0.38 - 12.12);and blood transfusion (OR 5.07;95% CI 0.51 - 50.37). Consistent with similar studies worldwide, our results suggest high prevalence of HIV and syphilis infections among migrant workers who work in gold mining centres in Ghana.展开更多
Background:Dog bites are common in developing countries including Ghana,with the victims often being children.Although some breeds of dogs have been identified as being more aggressive than others,all dog bites carry ...Background:Dog bites are common in developing countries including Ghana,with the victims often being children.Although some breeds of dogs have been identified as being more aggressive than others,all dog bites carry a risk of infection.Immediate and initial assessment of the risk for tetanus and rabies infection with appropriate interventions such as wound management and subsequent selection of prophylactic antibiotics are essential in the management of dog bites.This study examined the management of patients with dog bites by frontline service providers at primary healthcare facilities in the Greater Accra Region,Ghana.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study in 66 public health facilities in the Greater Accra Region from July 2014 to April 2015.Up to four frontline service providers were randomly selected to participate from each facility.A structured questionnaire was administered to all consenting participants.Continuous variables were presented as means and standard deviations.The frontline service providers’knowledge was assessed as a discrete variable and values obtained presented as percentages and proportions.The chi-square test of proportions was used to determine any significant associations between the various categories of the frontline service providers and their knowledge about the management of rabies.Results:Regarding the frontline service providers’knowledge about rabies,57.8%(134/232)were correct in that the rabies virus is the causative agent of rabies,39.2%(91/232)attributed it to a dog bite,2.6%(6/232)did not know the cause,and one person(0.4%)attributed it to the herpes virus.Only 15.5%(36/232)knew the incubation period in dogs and the period required to observe for signs of a rabies infection.With respect to the administration of rabies immunoglobulin,42.2%(98/232)of the frontline service providers did not know how to administer it.Of the facilities visited,76%(50/66)did not have the rabies vaccines and 44%(102/232)of frontline service providers did not know where to get the rabies vaccines from.Most of the service providers(87.9%;204/232)had never reported either a dog bite or a suspected case of rabies.Overall,there was gross underreporting of dog bites and suspected rabies cases at public healthcare facilities in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana.Conclusions:In view of the high morbidity and mortality associated with bites from rabid dogs and the poor knowledge and practices of frontline service providers,there is an urgent need for capacity-building such as training in the management of dog bites and subsequent potential rabies infection.展开更多
文摘Migrant workers, particularly gold mining workers, have been identified as a group at risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI). A cross-sectional study was undertaken on the correlates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis infections in a sample of migrants (Ghanaian citizens [156] and non-Ghanaian citizens [8]) working in a gold mining centres in Konongo, Ghana. The study was conducted between the months of January 2013 to December 2013. Of a total of 600 eligible migrant workers, only 164 (27.33%;males 114, females 50) of the eligible migrants took part in the study. Subjects voluntarily completed a risk-factor questionnaire and provided blood specimen for testing for the presence of antibodies to HIV and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis. These data were analyzed using both univariate and multivariate techniques. The median age of the participants was 29.0 years (range 18 - 62 years). Of the 164 migrant workers tested, HIV and syphilis seroprevalence were 6.7% and 3.7% respectively. On multivariate analysis, the independent determinants for HIV infection were being female [odds ratio (OR) 2.94;95% confidence interval (95% CI 0.86 - 10.0);unmarried (OR 10.13;95% CI 1.2 - 81.09);drug use (OR 3.76;95% CI 0.38 - 36.3);and blood transfusion (OR 2.45;95% CI 0.27 - 22.37). Similarly, on multivariate analysis, the independent determinants for syphilis infection were having concurrent sexual partners (OR 2.16;95% CI 0.38 - 12.12);and blood transfusion (OR 5.07;95% CI 0.51 - 50.37). Consistent with similar studies worldwide, our results suggest high prevalence of HIV and syphilis infections among migrant workers who work in gold mining centres in Ghana.
基金The study was funded by University of Ghana’s Office of Research,Innovation and Development.URF/7/ILG-037/2013–2014.
文摘Background:Dog bites are common in developing countries including Ghana,with the victims often being children.Although some breeds of dogs have been identified as being more aggressive than others,all dog bites carry a risk of infection.Immediate and initial assessment of the risk for tetanus and rabies infection with appropriate interventions such as wound management and subsequent selection of prophylactic antibiotics are essential in the management of dog bites.This study examined the management of patients with dog bites by frontline service providers at primary healthcare facilities in the Greater Accra Region,Ghana.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study in 66 public health facilities in the Greater Accra Region from July 2014 to April 2015.Up to four frontline service providers were randomly selected to participate from each facility.A structured questionnaire was administered to all consenting participants.Continuous variables were presented as means and standard deviations.The frontline service providers’knowledge was assessed as a discrete variable and values obtained presented as percentages and proportions.The chi-square test of proportions was used to determine any significant associations between the various categories of the frontline service providers and their knowledge about the management of rabies.Results:Regarding the frontline service providers’knowledge about rabies,57.8%(134/232)were correct in that the rabies virus is the causative agent of rabies,39.2%(91/232)attributed it to a dog bite,2.6%(6/232)did not know the cause,and one person(0.4%)attributed it to the herpes virus.Only 15.5%(36/232)knew the incubation period in dogs and the period required to observe for signs of a rabies infection.With respect to the administration of rabies immunoglobulin,42.2%(98/232)of the frontline service providers did not know how to administer it.Of the facilities visited,76%(50/66)did not have the rabies vaccines and 44%(102/232)of frontline service providers did not know where to get the rabies vaccines from.Most of the service providers(87.9%;204/232)had never reported either a dog bite or a suspected case of rabies.Overall,there was gross underreporting of dog bites and suspected rabies cases at public healthcare facilities in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana.Conclusions:In view of the high morbidity and mortality associated with bites from rabid dogs and the poor knowledge and practices of frontline service providers,there is an urgent need for capacity-building such as training in the management of dog bites and subsequent potential rabies infection.
