Blockchain and the programs running on it,called smart contracts,are increasingly applied in all fields where trust and strong certifications are required.Our work focuses on industrial applications of blockchains and...Blockchain and the programs running on it,called smart contracts,are increasingly applied in all fields where trust and strong certifications are required.Our work focuses on industrial applications of blockchains and not on cryptocurrencies or tokens.We use frameworks to compare public and permissioned blockchains specifically suited for industrial applications.We also propose a complete solution based on Ethereum to implement a decentralized application,putting together in an original way,components and patterns already used and proven.This solution is characterized by a set of validator nodes running the blockchain using Proof-of-Authority or similar efficient consensus algorithms,by the use of an explorer enabling users to check the blockchain state,and the source code of the smart contracts running on it.From time to time,the hash digest of the last mined block is written into a public blockchain to guarantee immutability.The right to send transactions is granted by validator nodes to users by endowing them with the Ethers mined locally.Overall,the proposed approach has the same transparency and immutability as a public blockchain,largely reducing its drawbacks.展开更多
基金This work was partially funded by the“MoniFive—MONItoraggio distribuito sicuro,affidabile ed intelligente su tecnologie 5G:applicazione alla mobilit a ed al servizio idrico”project,funded by the Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico—Asse Ⅱ-Progetti di ricerca e sviluppo Programma di supporto Tecnologie emergenti(FSC 2014–2020)del Piano Investimenti per la diffusione della banda larga ai sensi della lettera c)della delibera CIPE n.61/2018,CUP:F94I20000130006by the ABATA project(Application of Blockchain to Authenticity 1370 and Traceability of foodstuffs),funded by the Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico,National Operational Program“Enterprises and Competitiveness”,project No.F/200130/01–02/X45,CUP:B31B19000650008.
文摘Blockchain and the programs running on it,called smart contracts,are increasingly applied in all fields where trust and strong certifications are required.Our work focuses on industrial applications of blockchains and not on cryptocurrencies or tokens.We use frameworks to compare public and permissioned blockchains specifically suited for industrial applications.We also propose a complete solution based on Ethereum to implement a decentralized application,putting together in an original way,components and patterns already used and proven.This solution is characterized by a set of validator nodes running the blockchain using Proof-of-Authority or similar efficient consensus algorithms,by the use of an explorer enabling users to check the blockchain state,and the source code of the smart contracts running on it.From time to time,the hash digest of the last mined block is written into a public blockchain to guarantee immutability.The right to send transactions is granted by validator nodes to users by endowing them with the Ethers mined locally.Overall,the proposed approach has the same transparency and immutability as a public blockchain,largely reducing its drawbacks.
