Migmatite-like textures in anthracite:Further evidence for low-grade metamorphic melting and resolidification in high-rank coals

Previous studies demonstrated that melting,initiated by supercritical fluids in the 375-400℃range,occurred as part of anthracite metamorphism in the Appalachian Basin.Based on the known behavior of vitrinite at high temperatures and,to a lesser extent,at high pressures,it was determined that the duration of the heating,melting,and resolidification event was about 1 h.In the current study,featureless vitrinite within banded maceral assemblages demonstratesthe intimate association of melted and resolidified vitrinite with anthracite-rank macerals.By analogy with metamorphosed inorganic rocks,such associations represent diadysites and embrechites,i.e.,cross-cutting and layered migmatites,respectively.Even though the temperature of formation of the anthracite structures is several hundred℃lower than that seen in metamorphosed inorganic rocks,anthracites are metamorphic rocks and the nomenclature for metamorphic rocks may be appropriate for coal.

页岩微观孔隙演化及分形特征研究

以美国印第安纳州伊利诺伊盆地的New Albany页岩（热成熟度RO值范围为0.35%～1.41%）为研究对象,分别采用氮气吸附法和二氧化碳吸附法表征页岩纳米孔隙结构特点,研究了页岩微观孔隙随热成熟度、总有机碳含量（TOC）及无机矿物组分的演化特征,并探索了页岩孔隙分形特征的热演化规律及其与孔隙结构参数的相关关系。结果表明,随着热成熟度的升高,页岩孔容呈现非单调演化趋势,推测其与有机质的初次和二次裂解密切相关。Frenkel-Halsey-Hill（FHH）方法和热力学模型计算获得的页岩样品的孔隙分形维数在2.47～2.61之间,表明了页岩孔隙具有明显的分形特征。研究还发现,生油窗内成熟页岩样品的孔隙分形维数与其孔容显著正相关,而与孔径显著负相关,暗示孔隙分形维数与页岩气体吸附能力密切相关。更高的分形维数使得孔隙结构趋于复杂,并有利于气体吸附存储。因此,页岩孔隙分形维数可作为定量表征孔隙结构非均质性、评价页岩气体吸附存储能力的重要参数之一。