Obstructive Sleep Apnea(OSA)is a common chronic disorder that affects 5–10%of the US population with a higher prevalence in men compared to women by 2:1 in population studies.By contrast,in patients with cardiovascul...Obstructive Sleep Apnea(OSA)is a common chronic disorder that affects 5–10%of the US population with a higher prevalence in men compared to women by 2:1 in population studies.By contrast,in patients with cardiovascular disease,its prevalence can exceed 50%depending on the specifi c disorder surveyed.Although sex differences have been well described for cardiovascular risk factors;existing data regarding the impact of sex on the relationship between OSA and cardiovascular outcomes is controversial.Similarly,while there is strong evidence for increased prevalence of cardiovascular conditions,such as systemic hypertension,atrial fibrillation,as well as heart failure amongst patients suffering from OSA;confl icting evidence exists regarding the incidence and bidirectional relationship between them as well as the impact of treatment of OSA on cardiovascular outcomes.In this paper,we will review the associations between OSA and cardiovascular diseases in women.The data on sex differences is limited,due to a number of reasons,including,but not limited to late presentation of OSA in women,diffi culties in diagnosing both OSA and cardiovascular diseases in women and still suboptimal inclusion of adequate number of women in clinical trials.More studies are needed to better delineate sex differences in the clinical presentation as well as the pathophysiology of the associations between OSA and cardiovascular diseases so that we can provide patients with more personalized care.展开更多
All organisms,ranging from single-celled organisms to humans,demonstrate circadian rhythms that are near 24-h patterns that are present independent of environmental cues.Disruption of this process,called circadian mis...All organisms,ranging from single-celled organisms to humans,demonstrate circadian rhythms that are near 24-h patterns that are present independent of environmental cues.Disruption of this process,called circadian misalignment,is associated with deleterious health outcomes.The most extreme example of this misalignment is shift work,and there is evidence suggesting a strong association between shift work and certain cardiovascular outcomes.The outcomes of most studies include obesity,metabolic syndrome,hypertension,type 2 diabetes mellitus,atrial fibrillation,and cardiovascular events.In this article we review the current literature with an emphasis on women’s cardiovascular health.The data are confl icting,and there is a paucity of robust evidence with regard to women’s cardiovascular health and circadian misalignment.More studies are needed to better delineate the sex differences as well as the pathophysiology of the associations between circadian misalignment and cardiovascular diseases so that we can provide patients with more personalized care.展开更多
文摘Obstructive Sleep Apnea(OSA)is a common chronic disorder that affects 5–10%of the US population with a higher prevalence in men compared to women by 2:1 in population studies.By contrast,in patients with cardiovascular disease,its prevalence can exceed 50%depending on the specifi c disorder surveyed.Although sex differences have been well described for cardiovascular risk factors;existing data regarding the impact of sex on the relationship between OSA and cardiovascular outcomes is controversial.Similarly,while there is strong evidence for increased prevalence of cardiovascular conditions,such as systemic hypertension,atrial fibrillation,as well as heart failure amongst patients suffering from OSA;confl icting evidence exists regarding the incidence and bidirectional relationship between them as well as the impact of treatment of OSA on cardiovascular outcomes.In this paper,we will review the associations between OSA and cardiovascular diseases in women.The data on sex differences is limited,due to a number of reasons,including,but not limited to late presentation of OSA in women,diffi culties in diagnosing both OSA and cardiovascular diseases in women and still suboptimal inclusion of adequate number of women in clinical trials.More studies are needed to better delineate sex differences in the clinical presentation as well as the pathophysiology of the associations between OSA and cardiovascular diseases so that we can provide patients with more personalized care.
文摘All organisms,ranging from single-celled organisms to humans,demonstrate circadian rhythms that are near 24-h patterns that are present independent of environmental cues.Disruption of this process,called circadian misalignment,is associated with deleterious health outcomes.The most extreme example of this misalignment is shift work,and there is evidence suggesting a strong association between shift work and certain cardiovascular outcomes.The outcomes of most studies include obesity,metabolic syndrome,hypertension,type 2 diabetes mellitus,atrial fibrillation,and cardiovascular events.In this article we review the current literature with an emphasis on women’s cardiovascular health.The data are confl icting,and there is a paucity of robust evidence with regard to women’s cardiovascular health and circadian misalignment.More studies are needed to better delineate the sex differences as well as the pathophysiology of the associations between circadian misalignment and cardiovascular diseases so that we can provide patients with more personalized care.
