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Unsubstituted β-Alkyl Aspartates as Highly Biodegradable and Almost Nontoxic Surfactants
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作者 Sindija Brica maris klavins Andris Zicmanis 《Green and Sustainable Chemistry》 2016年第3期125-135,共11页
Zwitterionic surfactants—β-alkyl aspartates are prepared by the addition reaction of ammonia to alkyl maleates. Factors are discussed that influence the quality and yields of obtained β-alkyl aspartates. Structures... Zwitterionic surfactants—β-alkyl aspartates are prepared by the addition reaction of ammonia to alkyl maleates. Factors are discussed that influence the quality and yields of obtained β-alkyl aspartates. Structures of obtained surfactants are confirmed by <sup>1</sup>H NMR and IR spectra. The applicability of these materials is characterized by evaluation of their surface activity, toxicity and biodegradability. 展开更多
关键词 BIODEGRADABILITY Surface Tension Synthesis Toxicity Zwitterionic Surfactants
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(2-Hydroxyethyl)ammonium Lactates—Highly Biodegradable and Essentially Non-Toxic Ionic Liquids 被引量:1
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作者 Sanita Pavlovica Andris Zicmanis +2 位作者 Elina Gzibovska maris klavins Peteris Mekss 《Green and Sustainable Chemistry》 2011年第3期103-110,共8页
(2-Hydroxyethyl)ammonium lactates have been prepared by reactions of the corresponding (2-hydroxyethyl) amines with lactic acid and characterized by their 1H NMR, IR, and mass spectra. They have been quantita- tively ... (2-Hydroxyethyl)ammonium lactates have been prepared by reactions of the corresponding (2-hydroxyethyl) amines with lactic acid and characterized by their 1H NMR, IR, and mass spectra. They have been quantita- tively analyzed by HPLC, and their water contents have been determined by the Karl-Fischer method. The title salts are low-melting solids or viscous liquids, and they belong to the class of polar, hydrophilic ionic liquids. The toxicity and chemical and biological degradation of the synthesized ionic liquids have been evaluated by methods described in European Standards. The measurements showed these ionic liquids to be highly biodegradable and only slightly toxic substances. Condensation reactions of benzaldehyde with ethyl cyanoacetate and with acetophenone have been performed in these materials as solvents. The possibility of simultaneously applying these ionic liquids as both solvents and catalysts for the mentioned reactions has been demonstrated, as well as repeated use of the same ionic liquid for a number of condensation reactions without any purification. 展开更多
关键词 IONIC Liquids BIODEGRADATION Toxicity Polarity CONDENSATION Reactions
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Formation and Changes of Humic Acid Properties during Peat Humification Process within Ombrotrophic Bogs
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作者 Oskars Purmalis maris klavins 《Open Journal of Soil Science》 2012年第2期100-110,共11页
Studies of the living organic matter humification process are essential for understanding the carbon biogeochemical cycle. The aim of this study is to analyze relations between the properties of peat, peat humic acids... Studies of the living organic matter humification process are essential for understanding the carbon biogeochemical cycle. The aim of this study is to analyze relations between the properties of peat, peat humic acids and peat humification degree. The analysis has been done on samples of humic substances extracted from peat profiles in two ombrotrophic bogs and relations between peat age, decomposition and humification degree, botanical composition and properties of peat humic acids (elemental, functional composition) were studied. The found variability of peat properties is less significant than differences in the properties of peat-forming living matter, thus revealing the dominant impact of humification process on the properties of peat. Correspondingly, composition of peat humic acids is little affected by differences in the composition of precursor living organic material. 展开更多
关键词 PEAT HUMIC Substances HUMIC ACIDS HUMIFICATION
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不同来源风化煤腐植酸化学特征与生物活性研究 被引量:3
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作者 侯晓婵 张强 +4 位作者 杨治平 闫敏 武文丽 maris klavins 王永亮 《土壤通报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2022年第3期540-547,共8页
【目的】探究不同来源风化煤所含腐植酸的生物活性差异及其与风化煤性质特征的关系,为寻找高活性腐植酸风化煤提供依据。【方法】选用山西左权、五台、静乐三地的风化煤,以不同方法处理、进行植物培养试验,采用紫外光谱、红外光谱、根... 【目的】探究不同来源风化煤所含腐植酸的生物活性差异及其与风化煤性质特征的关系,为寻找高活性腐植酸风化煤提供依据。【方法】选用山西左权、五台、静乐三地的风化煤,以不同方法处理、进行植物培养试验,采用紫外光谱、红外光谱、根系扫描的方法,比较分析不同风化煤的加工化学特征、产出腐植酸的生物活性。【结果】左权、五台、静乐三地风化煤总腐植酸含量在37.1%~40.9%,但游离腐植酸含量差异较大,分别为1.92%、10.09%和30.62%;总酸性官能团酚羟基含量差异明显,其含量比为1.00∶1.22∶1.83,静乐风化煤的羟基含量和羧基含量最高;钙镁含量比为2.65∶1.25∶1.00;不同风化煤的E4/E6差异较小,但提取出的腐植酸E4/E6差异较大,分别为7.5、6.2和4.39。生物活性研究表明,3地风化煤腐植酸对绿豆再生根均有促进作用,呈现与IAA具有的相同功效的典型激素反应;其腐植酸促生活性依次为静乐>五台>左权,左权和五台腐植酸浓度在0.01%、静乐腐植酸浓度在0.05%时最高。【结论】左权、五台、静乐三地风化煤提出的腐植酸以静乐生物活性最高,五台次之,左权最低;风化煤中的钙镁含量越低、游离腐植酸含量越高,羟基红外光谱吸收峰越宽、总酸性基团含量越高腐植酸的生物活性就高。可为腐植酸加工选用优质的风化煤原料,为腐植酸应用选择适宜浓度范围提供参考。 展开更多
关键词 风化煤 腐植酸 紫外光谱 红外光谱 促生长活性
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雨养沼泽泥炭腐植酸的性质和结构 被引量:2
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作者 maris klavins Oskars Purmalis +1 位作者 韩征 赵红艳 《腐植酸》 2014年第4期53-65,共13页
腐植酸类物质是土壤、泥炭和自然水体中有机物的主要成分,其来源不同,结构和性质也不同。本研究阐述了雨养沼泽泥炭腐植酸的性质,评估了泥炭剖面内腐植酸的均质性,并研究了泥炭腐殖化程度对腐植酸性能的影响。结果表明,以不同来源的苔... 腐植酸类物质是土壤、泥炭和自然水体中有机物的主要成分,其来源不同,结构和性质也不同。本研究阐述了雨养沼泽泥炭腐植酸的性质,评估了泥炭剖面内腐植酸的均质性,并研究了泥炭腐殖化程度对腐植酸性能的影响。结果表明,以不同来源的苔藓为主的雨养沼泽植物对泥炭腐植酸结构的影响较大。泥炭腐植酸的成岩作用程度介于活有机体和煤炭之间,当碳水化合物、氨基酸等被破坏后,耐分解的芳烃和多环芳烃结构出现,泥炭腐植酸的结构趋于形成。然而,与土壤、水体和其他腐植酸相比,泥炭腐植酸的芳香性较低。相对而言,雨养沼泽泥炭腐植酸处于活有机体向成岩转化过程的初始阶段。羧基和酚羟基含量的变化取决于提取腐植酸的泥炭年龄和分解程度,羧酸酸度随泥炭深度和腐殖化程度增加而增大。 展开更多
关键词 腐植酸类物质 成分 土壤 泥炭
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雨养沼泽泥炭腐殖化过程中的腐植酸性质成因与变化研究
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作者 Oskars Purmalis maris klavins +2 位作者 任忠秀 包雪梅 于家伊 《腐植酸》 2013年第4期28-37,共10页
研究生命有机物质的腐殖化过程是了解碳的生物化学循环所必不可少的。本研究的主要目的是分析泥炭性质、泥炭腐植酸与泥炭腐殖化度三者之间的关系。对两个雨养泥炭沼泽的泥炭剖面各层中提取的腐植酸样品进行了分析,并对泥炭年龄、分解... 研究生命有机物质的腐殖化过程是了解碳的生物化学循环所必不可少的。本研究的主要目的是分析泥炭性质、泥炭腐植酸与泥炭腐殖化度三者之间的关系。对两个雨养泥炭沼泽的泥炭剖面各层中提取的腐植酸样品进行了分析,并对泥炭年龄、分解度、腐殖化度、植物构成、泥炭腐植酸性质(元素和有效成分)进行了研究。结果发现,泥炭腐植酸的组成受造炭生命有机物质前体的组成影响较小,对造炭生物性质多样性的研究要比对泥炭性质多样性的研究更有意义,由此可以揭示腐殖化过程对泥炭性质的主导性作用。 展开更多
关键词 泥炭腐植酸类物质腐植酸腐殖化过程
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