Effective adaptive immune responses rely upon appropriate activation of T cells by antigenic peptidemajor histocompatibility complex on the surface of antigen presenting cells(APCs).Activation relies on additional sig...Effective adaptive immune responses rely upon appropriate activation of T cells by antigenic peptidemajor histocompatibility complex on the surface of antigen presenting cells(APCs).Activation relies on additional signals including co-stimulatory molecules on the surface of the APCs that promote T cell expansion.The immune response is further sculpted by the cytokine environment.However,T cells also respond to other environmental signals including hormones,neurotransmitters,and vitamins.In this review,we summarize the mechanisms through which vitamins A and D impact immune responses,particularly in the context of T cell responses.展开更多
文摘Effective adaptive immune responses rely upon appropriate activation of T cells by antigenic peptidemajor histocompatibility complex on the surface of antigen presenting cells(APCs).Activation relies on additional signals including co-stimulatory molecules on the surface of the APCs that promote T cell expansion.The immune response is further sculpted by the cytokine environment.However,T cells also respond to other environmental signals including hormones,neurotransmitters,and vitamins.In this review,we summarize the mechanisms through which vitamins A and D impact immune responses,particularly in the context of T cell responses.
