Ten years ago,three teams experimentally demonstrated the first spasers,or plasmonic nanolasers,after the spaser concept was first proposed theoretically in 2003.An overview of the significant progress achieved over t...Ten years ago,three teams experimentally demonstrated the first spasers,or plasmonic nanolasers,after the spaser concept was first proposed theoretically in 2003.An overview of the significant progress achieved over the last 10 years is presented here,together with the original context of and motivations for this research.After a general introduction,we first summarize the fundamental properties of spasers and discuss the major motivations that led to the first demonstrations of spasers and nanolasers.This is followed by an overview of crucial technological progress,including lasing threshold reduction,dynamic modulation,room-temperature operation,electrical injection,the control and improvement of spasers,the array operation of spasers,and selected applications of single-particle spasers.Research prospects are presented in relation to several directions of development,including further miniaturization,the relationship with Bose-Einstein condensation,novel spaser-based interconnects,and other features of spasers and plasmonic lasers that have yet to be realized or challenges that are still to be overcome.展开更多
A history and a glimpse into the future of spaser(acronym for"surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation")is provided.The spaser(also called a plasmonic nanolaser)is an active nanosyst...A history and a glimpse into the future of spaser(acronym for"surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation")is provided.The spaser(also called a plasmonic nanolaser)is an active nanosystem including a gain medium and a nanoplasmonic metal core.It generates coherent intense nanolocalized fields.Theoretically predicted in 2003 by Bergman and Stockman,the spaser grew into a large fundamental research and application field with thousands of publications.We review a few of them to illustrate the most important and general fundamental properties of the spaser.We also review some selected applications of spasers,in particular,to ultrasensing and biomedical problems,concentrating on cancer-cell theranostics(therapeutics and diagnostics).In conclusion,we attempt to glimpse into the future by predicting that the next big development of the spasers will be topological nano-optics,and its"killer"application will be ultrafast,high-density on-chip communications for future information processing.展开更多
基金financial support from the DARPA/DSO Extreme Optics and Imaging(EXTREME)Program(Award HR00111720032)financial support from AFOSR Grant FA9550-18-1-0002+8 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91950115,11774014,and 61521004)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.Z180011)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0704401)supported by the“UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council”support from the Beijing Innovation Centre for Future Chips at Tsinghua Universityprovided by Grant No.DE-SC0007043 from the Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the Office of the Basic Energy Sciences,Office of Science,U.S.Department of Energyperformed using support from Grant No.DE-FG02-01ER15213 from the Chemical Sciences,Biosciences and Geosciences Division,Office of Basic Energy Sciences,Office of Science,US Department of EnergyAdditional support for MIS came from NSF EFRI NewLAW Grant EFMA-1741691MURI Grant No.N00014-17-1-2588 from the Office of Naval Research(ONR).
文摘Ten years ago,three teams experimentally demonstrated the first spasers,or plasmonic nanolasers,after the spaser concept was first proposed theoretically in 2003.An overview of the significant progress achieved over the last 10 years is presented here,together with the original context of and motivations for this research.After a general introduction,we first summarize the fundamental properties of spasers and discuss the major motivations that led to the first demonstrations of spasers and nanolasers.This is followed by an overview of crucial technological progress,including lasing threshold reduction,dynamic modulation,room-temperature operation,electrical injection,the control and improvement of spasers,the array operation of spasers,and selected applications of single-particle spasers.Research prospects are presented in relation to several directions of development,including further miniaturization,the relationship with Bose-Einstein condensation,novel spaser-based interconnects,and other features of spasers and plasmonic lasers that have yet to be realized or challenges that are still to be overcome.
文摘A history and a glimpse into the future of spaser(acronym for"surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation")is provided.The spaser(also called a plasmonic nanolaser)is an active nanosystem including a gain medium and a nanoplasmonic metal core.It generates coherent intense nanolocalized fields.Theoretically predicted in 2003 by Bergman and Stockman,the spaser grew into a large fundamental research and application field with thousands of publications.We review a few of them to illustrate the most important and general fundamental properties of the spaser.We also review some selected applications of spasers,in particular,to ultrasensing and biomedical problems,concentrating on cancer-cell theranostics(therapeutics and diagnostics).In conclusion,we attempt to glimpse into the future by predicting that the next big development of the spasers will be topological nano-optics,and its"killer"application will be ultrafast,high-density on-chip communications for future information processing.
