Inorganic nanocarriers are potent candidates for delivering conventional anticancer drugs,nucleic acid-based therapeutics,and imaging agents,influencing their blood half-lives,tumor targetability,and bioactivity.In ad...Inorganic nanocarriers are potent candidates for delivering conventional anticancer drugs,nucleic acid-based therapeutics,and imaging agents,influencing their blood half-lives,tumor targetability,and bioactivity.In addition to the high surface area-to-volume ratio,they exhibit excellent scalability in synthesis,controllable shape and size,facile surface modification,inertness,stability,and unique optical and magnetic properties.However,only a limited number of inorganic nanocarriers have been so far approved for clinical applications due to burst drug release,poor target specificity,and toxicity.To overcome these barriers,understanding the principles involved in loading therapeutic and imaging molecules into these nanoparticles(NPs)and the strategies employed in enhancing sustainability and targetability of the resultant complexes and ensuring the release of the payloads in extracellular and intracellular compartments of the target site is of paramount importance.Therefore,we will shed light on various loading mechanisms harnessed for different inorganic NPs,particularly involving physical entrapment into porous/hollow nanostructures,ionic interactions with native and surface-modified NPs,covalent bonding to surface-functionalized nanomaterials,hydrophobic binding,affinity-based interactions,and intercalation through co-precipitation or anion exchange reaction.展开更多
Serum proteins represent an important class of drug and imaging agent delivery vectors. In this mini- review, key advantages of using serum proteins are discussed, followed by the particular advantages and challenges ...Serum proteins represent an important class of drug and imaging agent delivery vectors. In this mini- review, key advantages of using serum proteins are discussed, followed by the particular advantages and challenges associated with employing soluble folate binding protein. In particular, approaches employing drugs that target folate metabolism are reviewed. Additionally, the slow-onset, tight- binding interaction of folate with folate binding protein and the relationship to a natural oligomerization mechanism is discussed. These unique aspects of folate binding protein suggest interesting applications for the protein as a vector for further drug and imaging agent development.展开更多
文摘Inorganic nanocarriers are potent candidates for delivering conventional anticancer drugs,nucleic acid-based therapeutics,and imaging agents,influencing their blood half-lives,tumor targetability,and bioactivity.In addition to the high surface area-to-volume ratio,they exhibit excellent scalability in synthesis,controllable shape and size,facile surface modification,inertness,stability,and unique optical and magnetic properties.However,only a limited number of inorganic nanocarriers have been so far approved for clinical applications due to burst drug release,poor target specificity,and toxicity.To overcome these barriers,understanding the principles involved in loading therapeutic and imaging molecules into these nanoparticles(NPs)and the strategies employed in enhancing sustainability and targetability of the resultant complexes and ensuring the release of the payloads in extracellular and intracellular compartments of the target site is of paramount importance.Therefore,we will shed light on various loading mechanisms harnessed for different inorganic NPs,particularly involving physical entrapment into porous/hollow nanostructures,ionic interactions with native and surface-modified NPs,covalent bonding to surface-functionalized nanomaterials,hydrophobic binding,affinity-based interactions,and intercalation through co-precipitation or anion exchange reaction.
文摘Serum proteins represent an important class of drug and imaging agent delivery vectors. In this mini- review, key advantages of using serum proteins are discussed, followed by the particular advantages and challenges associated with employing soluble folate binding protein. In particular, approaches employing drugs that target folate metabolism are reviewed. Additionally, the slow-onset, tight- binding interaction of folate with folate binding protein and the relationship to a natural oligomerization mechanism is discussed. These unique aspects of folate binding protein suggest interesting applications for the protein as a vector for further drug and imaging agent development.
