Over the past twenty years,various commercial technologies have been deployed to remove ammonia(NH4eN)from anaerobic digestion(AD)liquors.In recent years many anaerobic digesters have been upgraded to include a pre-tr...Over the past twenty years,various commercial technologies have been deployed to remove ammonia(NH4eN)from anaerobic digestion(AD)liquors.In recent years many anaerobic digesters have been upgraded to include a pre-treatment,such as the thermal hydrolysis process(THP),to produce more biogas,increasing NH4eN concentrations in the liquors are costly to treat.This study provides a comparative techno-economic assessment of sidestream technologies to remove NH4eN from conventional AD and THP/AD dewatering liquors:a deammonification continuous stirred tank reactor(PNA),a nitrification/denitrification sequencing batch reactor(SBR)and thermal ammonia stripping process with an ammonia scrubber(STRIP).The SBR and PNA were based on full-scale data,whereas the STRIP was designed using a computational approach to achieve NH4eN removals of 90e95%.The PNA presented the lowest whole-life cost(WLC)over 40 years,with£7.7 M,while the STRIP had a WLC of£43.9 M.This study identified that THP dewatering liquors,and thus a higher ammonia load,can lead to a 1.5e3.0 times increase in operational expenditure with the PNA and the SBR.Furthermore,this study highlighted that deammonification is a capable and cost-effective nitrogen removal technology.Processes like the STRIP respond to current pressures faced by the water industry on ammonia recovery together with targets to reduce nitrous oxide emissions.Nevertheless,ammonia striping-based processes must further be demonstrated in WWTPs and WLC reduced to grant their wide implementation and replace existing technologies.展开更多
基金funding provided by Thames Water Utilities Ltd.and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)through their funding of the STREAM Industrial Doctoral Centre(IDC)EP/L015412/1.
文摘Over the past twenty years,various commercial technologies have been deployed to remove ammonia(NH4eN)from anaerobic digestion(AD)liquors.In recent years many anaerobic digesters have been upgraded to include a pre-treatment,such as the thermal hydrolysis process(THP),to produce more biogas,increasing NH4eN concentrations in the liquors are costly to treat.This study provides a comparative techno-economic assessment of sidestream technologies to remove NH4eN from conventional AD and THP/AD dewatering liquors:a deammonification continuous stirred tank reactor(PNA),a nitrification/denitrification sequencing batch reactor(SBR)and thermal ammonia stripping process with an ammonia scrubber(STRIP).The SBR and PNA were based on full-scale data,whereas the STRIP was designed using a computational approach to achieve NH4eN removals of 90e95%.The PNA presented the lowest whole-life cost(WLC)over 40 years,with£7.7 M,while the STRIP had a WLC of£43.9 M.This study identified that THP dewatering liquors,and thus a higher ammonia load,can lead to a 1.5e3.0 times increase in operational expenditure with the PNA and the SBR.Furthermore,this study highlighted that deammonification is a capable and cost-effective nitrogen removal technology.Processes like the STRIP respond to current pressures faced by the water industry on ammonia recovery together with targets to reduce nitrous oxide emissions.Nevertheless,ammonia striping-based processes must further be demonstrated in WWTPs and WLC reduced to grant their wide implementation and replace existing technologies.
