We present a novel optical sensor to acquire simultaneously functional near-infrared imaging(fNIRI)and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)data with an improved handling and direct localization in the MRI compa...We present a novel optical sensor to acquire simultaneously functional near-infrared imaging(fNIRI)and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)data with an improved handling and direct localization in the MRI compared to available sensors.Quantitative phantom and interference measurements showed that both methods can be combined without reciprocal adverse effects.The direct localization of the optical sensor on MR images acquired with a T1-weighted echo sequence simplifies the co-registration of NIRI and MRI data.In addition,the optical sensor is simple to attach,which is crucial for measurements on vulnerable subjects.The fNIRI and T2^(*)-weighted fMRI data of a cerebral activation were simultaneously acquired proving the practicability of the setup.展开更多
Coherent radiation with frequencies ranging from 0.3 to 30 THz has recently become accessible using femtosecond laser technology.These terahertz(THz)waves have already been applied in spectroscopy and imaging and can ...Coherent radiation with frequencies ranging from 0.3 to 30 THz has recently become accessible using femtosecond laser technology.These terahertz(THz)waves have already been applied in spectroscopy and imaging and can be manipulated using static optical elements such as lenses,polarizers and filters.However,ultrafast modulation of THz radiation is required as well,for instance,in short-range wireless communication or for preparing shaped THz transients for the coherent control of numerous material excitations.Here,we demonstrate an all-optically created transient metamaterial that allows us to manipulate the polarization of THz waveforms with subcycle switch-on times.The polarization-modulated pulses are potentially interesting for controlling elementary motions such as the vibration of crystal lattices,the rotation of molecules and the precession of spins.展开更多
In a democracy, willingness to inflict economic pain is rarely a route to credibility. Investors will refuse to believe that the policies will survive. Once they reach that conclusion, credibility disappears. I learnt...In a democracy, willingness to inflict economic pain is rarely a route to credibility. Investors will refuse to believe that the policies will survive. Once they reach that conclusion, credibility disappears. I learnt this in 1992. With the UK economy in recession, the credibility of the government’s commitment to membership of the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System展开更多
It is nearly five years since financial turmoil broke upon an unsuspecting world, in August 2007. So how are crisis-stricken high income countries doing? Badly, is the only answer. Of the six largest high income econo...It is nearly five years since financial turmoil broke upon an unsuspecting world, in August 2007. So how are crisis-stricken high income countries doing? Badly, is the only answer. Of the six largest high income economies (plus the eurozone), only those of the US and Germany are above previous peaks. Since the US was the epicentre of the early shocks, its recovery has been relatively good. Yet none of these countries can be happy with its performance. While US gross domestic product展开更多
How will the crises inside the euro-zone end?Many people have asked me this question in the US in recent weeks.How,in particular,might the eurozone move from crisis into
The sight of Dominique Strauss-Kahn,managingdirectoroftheInternational Monetary Fund and prospective candidate for the French presidency, doing the "perp walk" was stupefying.
It is the season of dollar panic.These panic-mongers are varied: goldbugs, fiscal hawks and many others agree that the dollar, the dominant currency since the first world war, is on itsdeath bed. Hyperinflationary col...It is the season of dollar panic.These panic-mongers are varied: goldbugs, fiscal hawks and many others agree that the dollar, the dominant currency since the first world war, is on itsdeath bed. Hyperinflationary collapse展开更多
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Swiss National Foundation(National Research Programme NRP 57)and like to thank Andreas Metz for his dedication.We thank Klaas Enno Stephan for supporting this study and Philips Healthcare for technical andfinancial support.We like to address special thanks to Elisabeth Moore from Philips Healthcare for providing and answering questions about the MRI stability test postprocessing software,to Dennis Hueber from ISS Inc.for answering questions about the ISS OxiplexTSTM and to Cornelia Hagmann for proofreading the manuscript.
文摘We present a novel optical sensor to acquire simultaneously functional near-infrared imaging(fNIRI)and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)data with an improved handling and direct localization in the MRI compared to available sensors.Quantitative phantom and interference measurements showed that both methods can be combined without reciprocal adverse effects.The direct localization of the optical sensor on MR images acquired with a T1-weighted echo sequence simplifies the co-registration of NIRI and MRI data.In addition,the optical sensor is simple to attach,which is crucial for measurements on vulnerable subjects.The fNIRI and T2^(*)-weighted fMRI data of a cerebral activation were simultaneously acquired proving the practicability of the setup.
基金We would like to thank the German Research Foundation for funding this work through Grant No.KA 3305/2-1.
文摘Coherent radiation with frequencies ranging from 0.3 to 30 THz has recently become accessible using femtosecond laser technology.These terahertz(THz)waves have already been applied in spectroscopy and imaging and can be manipulated using static optical elements such as lenses,polarizers and filters.However,ultrafast modulation of THz radiation is required as well,for instance,in short-range wireless communication or for preparing shaped THz transients for the coherent control of numerous material excitations.Here,we demonstrate an all-optically created transient metamaterial that allows us to manipulate the polarization of THz waveforms with subcycle switch-on times.The polarization-modulated pulses are potentially interesting for controlling elementary motions such as the vibration of crystal lattices,the rotation of molecules and the precession of spins.
文摘In a democracy, willingness to inflict economic pain is rarely a route to credibility. Investors will refuse to believe that the policies will survive. Once they reach that conclusion, credibility disappears. I learnt this in 1992. With the UK economy in recession, the credibility of the government’s commitment to membership of the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System
文摘It is nearly five years since financial turmoil broke upon an unsuspecting world, in August 2007. So how are crisis-stricken high income countries doing? Badly, is the only answer. Of the six largest high income economies (plus the eurozone), only those of the US and Germany are above previous peaks. Since the US was the epicentre of the early shocks, its recovery has been relatively good. Yet none of these countries can be happy with its performance. While US gross domestic product
文摘How will the crises inside the euro-zone end?Many people have asked me this question in the US in recent weeks.How,in particular,might the eurozone move from crisis into
文摘The sight of Dominique Strauss-Kahn,managingdirectoroftheInternational Monetary Fund and prospective candidate for the French presidency, doing the "perp walk" was stupefying.
文摘It is the season of dollar panic.These panic-mongers are varied: goldbugs, fiscal hawks and many others agree that the dollar, the dominant currency since the first world war, is on itsdeath bed. Hyperinflationary collapse
