Diabetes mellitus:An overview of the types,prevalence,comorbidity,complication,genetics,economic implication,and treatment

Diabetes is one of the deadliest diseases.Due to its effects on the lives of people,it has attracted a lot of attention recently.The causes of the various forms of diabetes,including type 1 and type 2,were discussed along with how they affect those who have the disease.Younger people are more prone to type 1 diabetes than older people,who are more likely to develop type 2.The treatment options and strategies for the two forms of diabetes were also discussed in addition to how the disease affects the quality of life of people.Among several factors that were explained,it has been shown that people from low and middle-income countries are more prone to having diabetes.Additionally,the condition is more likely to affect some races more than others.It is associated with obesity.According to statistics,those who are poor are more severely affected by the disease.The progression of the disease over time has been associated with an increase in disability and mortality.

Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the liver

There have been numerous concerns about the disease and how it affects the human body since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)pandemic began in December 2019.The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver is being carefully investigated due to an increase in individuals with hepatitis and other liver illnesses,such as alcoholic liver disease.Additionally,the liver is involved in the metabolism of numerous drugs used to treat comorbidities and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Determining how SARS-CoV-2 affects the liver and what factors place individuals with COVID-19 at a higher risk of developing liver problems are the two main objectives of this study.This evaluation of the literature included research from three major scientific databases.To provide an update on the current impact of COVID-19 on the liver,data was collected and relevant information was incorporated into the review.With more knowledge about the effect of the disease on the liver,better management and therapeutics can be developed,and education can ultimately save lives and reduce the long-term impact of the pandemic on our population.

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529): A concern with immune escape

Omicron,the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)variant that is now spreading across the world,is the most altered version to emerge so far,with mutations comparable to changes reported in earlier variants of concern linked with increased transmissibility and partial resistance to vaccineinduced immunity.This article provides an overview of the SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron(B.1.1.529)by reviewing the literature from major scientific databases.Although clear immunological and clinical data are not yet available,we extrapolated from what is known about mutations present in the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 and offer preliminary indications on transmissibility,severity,and immune escape through existing research and databases.

Current modalities of sickle cell disease management

Sickle cell disease(SCD)affects nearly 100,000 people in the United States of America and the sickle gene is present in approximately 8%of black Americans.Among Africans,the prevalence of sickle cell trait(heterozygosity)is as high as 30%.While SCD occurs among varying racial and ethnic groups,it is more commonly prevalent in individuals of African or African-American descent.This inherited blood disorder causes varying symptoms and complications among affected children and adults and early diagnosis and treatment are essential to help reduce mortality rates.Because there is no cure for SCD,management is vital to survival.Hence,there are different approaches in use to aid those living with SCD;thus,this paper provides insight into the current methods that are implemented in the management and maintenance of this disease.