Nutrient and Phytochemical Composition of Five Wild Green Leafy Vegetables Consumed in Erie-Biase Local Government Area of Cross River State

This work on nutrient and phytochemical composition of five wild green leafy vegetables consumed in Erei-Biase Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria was aimed at identifying and determining the nutrient, and phytochemical compositions of Amaranthus viridis (Ikorodotaseach), Aeschylus glabra (Ididieriri), Alphanostylis lepthanta (Emornegbandip), Calcasia saxatilis, (Igbongonokpa) and Lonchocarpus sericeus (Ajuokoh). Analysis of moisture, protein, fiber, ash, fat and carbohydrate, micronutrients and phytochemicals was done using standard methods, while vitamins were done using AOAC, (1995). The data generated were subjected to T-test, standard deviation, standard error of the mean. The result of the proximate analysis showed that Amaranthus viridis had the highest protein value (9.73%) and the lowest carbohydrate value (4.60%) respectively. Aeschylea glabra recorded the highest fat value [9.73%]. The micro nutrient result revealed that copper (CU) and phosphorous (Ph) values were low and that the value for the other micro-nutrient differed significantly with the exception of calcium (Ca) values which did not differed significantly (P Amaranthus viridis had the highest value of Vitamin C. The phytochemicals and anti-nutrient contents of the vegetables were moderately high but not higher than the safe levels. Hence they are recommended for consumption.

Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria among Under-Five Children: A Systematic Review

Most uncomplicated malaria dominated countries have embraced the recommended first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Artemisinin-based combination therapies such as Artemether-Lumefantrine, Artesunate + Amodiaquine and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine have shown to be effective with Artemether-Lumefantrine and considered the most effective and approved by WHO. The study collected and reviewed recent randomized controlled trials for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria under five children. Eligibility criteria for the selected studies were based on the use of tools such as PICO (T) and data extraction tools such as REPOSE guidelines, PRISMA statement and eligibility criteria. This study includes only RCTs on the treatment of uncomplicated malaria under 5 s. Data was analyzed through comparative-narrative analysis. This study found 8 studies. Selected studies had a total of 10,682 participants within the age range of 0 - 59 months with the diagnosis of uncomplicated malaria and an MCP range of 2000 - 200,000 treated with different antimalarial drugs. Artesunate + Amodiaquine and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine and Artemether-Lumefantrine drugs were found to be consistent in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria under 5 s within three days. Findings show that Artemether-Lumefantrine, Artesunate + Amodiaquine and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine were the best drugs of choice due to their fast rate in fever reduction and parasite clearance. The efficacy of Artesunate + Amodiaquine and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine is comparable to Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine. The study concludes that Artesunate + Amodiaquine and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine can also be drugs of choice along with the well-known and utilized Artemether-Lumefantrine combination because of the fever reduction and parasite clearance within the first three days duration.